Nice picture! Pantries certainly had built-in cabinets, back much earlier than this. Soapstone is certainly an appropriate counter material, lots of soapstone or slate sinks and drainboards here in New England. In butler's pantries I've seen nickel silver countertops and sinks (allegedly to avoid chipping the fine china), Monel came just a little later. On the walls a lot of the "great houses" had tile, usually white or cream, especially if they were built in the "sanitary era" that followed the germ theory of disease. Lots of beadboard, as noted, in more modest structures.
I think perhaps the main thing to not having a kitchen in an old house look anachronistic is the use of natural materials-- stone, marble, wood, glass, metal in a relatively unprocessed state. Kitchens were a working space 100+ years ago, not someplace you took your guests-- or if you were even modestly wealthy you probably never went there yourself. That's not realistic now, but I think you capture the feeling by using cabinets, surfaces etc that look functional and meant to be used. Kitchens very often had a diversity of materials for work surfaces, depending on the intended use rather than the same surface everywhere-- soapstone or slate for the sink and drainboard, marble for the pastry table, wood or metal for general working surfaces. There's generally not much in old kitchens that's only there for decoration, though many of the functional objects can be very beautiful, as your picture above illustrates.
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