CFM and MUA and endless confusion
2 months ago
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How many CFMs for 36'' Capital Culinarian?
Comments (36)reluctantartist - Here's the issue, as I understand it. This is NOT a formal legal opinion, so don't rely on it, but... Calforna's standards for residential construction are contained in the California Residential Code, which is part of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR). As of January 2011, for the first time, the CRC does follow the 2009 IRC. It doesn't just do it by reference, however, it adopts specific code sections that contain the language of the model code, sometimes in slightly modified form. More importantly, the California Residential Code ONLY adopts equivalents of the IRC codes up through the end of Part III (("Building Planning and Construction") of the 2009 IRC. The section of the IRC that addresses makeup air (section 1503.4), however, is in Part 5 of the 2009 IRC ("Mechanical"), within Chapter 15 ("Exhaust Systems"). If you look at the California Residential Code, however, it specifically says "Note: Part V is not adopted. See California Mechanical Code, Title 24, Part 4") This is actually part of the California Residential Code as posted on ICC's own site, as shown in the attached link. The 2010 California Mechanical Code, is based not on the equivalent sections of the IRC, but on the Uniform Mechanical Code. I does NOT contain any makeup air requirement(s) equivalent to section 1503.4 of the IRC. It does contain provisions for makeup air of gas heaters, commercial kitchens, etc, but the ONLY potentially directly relevant section of the CMC to residential ventilation, based on my cursory initial review, is Section 701.1.4, which states the general proposition that "Where exhaust fans, clothes dryers and kitchen ventilation systems interfere with the operation of appliances, makeup air shall be provided." No specific standards for CFM. The other section of the CMC for residential ranges is section 504 (Environmental Air Ducts) and its subsections, which doesn't address makeup air but does say generally that "Environmental air ducts not regulated by other provisions of this code shall comply with this section . . . Exhaust ducts shall terminate outside the building and shall be equipped with back-draft dampers...Environmental air duct exhaust shall terminate a minimum of three (3) feet (914 mm) from property line and three (3) feet (914 mm) from openings into the building." It also says, more specifically at subsection 504.2 ("Domestic Range Vents") that "Ducts used for domestic kitchen range ventilation shall be of metal and shall have smooth interior surfaces." I can't find the reference right now, but I remember there is also a provision stating that kitchen exhausts can't issue into "walkways." Again, this isn't a legal opinion, and I could be wrong. Also, in California as everywhere else local jurisdictions are free to adopt MORE stringent code requirements, so you still need to check with your local agency to make sure they haven't independently adopted a specific makeup air requirement. But in the absence of such a local requirement, I don't think there is any hard and fast CFM-related makeup air requirement in California, at least yet....See Morehvac guy suggested 300 cfm vent a hood to avoid mua--thoughts?
Comments (31)It is hard to know where to start here. The flow rate (cfm) is determined by the uprising velocity of the cooking plume effluent and the aperture area of the hood, and not to first order by the BTUs. I would start at 90 times the area in square feet. Baffles will not separate grease from the air at really slow air speeds, so if one intends to go as low as possible, then a mesh that is routinely cleaned is probably better. However, mesh hoods typically have undersized apertures, so capture is degraded at the hood periphery. In other words, the hood is smaller than listed. Baffles will at any speed provide fire blocking, their other purpose. All fans have fan curves, including those made from magic lungs. The fan curve plots flow rate versus pressure drop across the fan, which results from duct friction, duct transition flow disruptions, mesh or baffle restriction, lack of MUA, etc. Typical fan curves are slightly convex, with cfm on the abscissa and pressure on the ordinate. When the pressure drop reaches some maximum, such as an inch or two of water column, the flow reaches zero. At zero pressure drop, the flow is (should be) the rated flow. The pressure drop is never zero in situ. VAH may be counting fan and hood, which can also be the rating used by some others at some times. It depends on whether the rating is for the hood with fan or for the fan only. The VAH rated flow certainly does not include the losses from the ducting and duct transition to the cap at the outside. Unfortunately, unless susceptible to a calibrated measurement, code enforcers will look at the fan rating and not actual flow for enforcing MUA rules. Ideally, they would test for negative house pressure vs. what combustion appliances present are not allowed to exceed without risking back-drafting. The relative loudness and ugliness of outside fans has to be compared to the relative social ugliness of loud inside fans. YMMV. I would not, however, duct to my neighbor's door. Some other path should be adopted. kas...See Moremyths about cfm's and mua
Comments (17)A make-up air system for the range hood isn't going to run constantly like a normal HVAC system that heats/cools/filters your internal air throughout the day. It also cannot be compared to a commercial MUA unit for a vent hood over a range in a restaurant because they cook from the time they open to the time they close. So a residential MUA system will have much less of an impact on internal comfort levels than what most people are envisioning. Most HVAC systems are designed to run with slightly negative air pressure to begin with. That's why things tend to blow into your house rather than out. Ask yourself, "how often do I turn on my range hood compared to opening the back door/garage door/front door of my house?". Every time you open a door to your home you are letting in a large amount of unconditioned freezing cold or hot and humid air. And when enough outside air is mixed with the internal air to affect the temperature, your HVAC system will activate and begin exchanging it for conditioned air. The same process will occur with a passive make-up air system. Everyone seems to be afraid of the air outside their homes, but who ever says, "I'm gonna step out for some dirty hot and humid air"...no one. Everyone always says, "I'm going outside to get some fresh air." It really is as simple as allowing your house to "breathe". And like foodonastump said, no house is sealed 100% airtight so your home is going to find a way to bring in outside air. You are just giving it an extra set of lungs by adding a make-up air system during operation of a high CFM range hood to avoid creating enough negative air pressure to stall or backdraft combustion vents. foodonastump, the 2009/2012 IRC M1503.4 code provision reads "Exhaust hood systems capable of exhausting in excess of 400 cubic feet per minute (0.19 m3/s) shall be provided with makeup air at a rate approximately equal to the exhaust air rate". So the relationship between the exhaust opening and fresh air intake need to be symmetrically proportional at minimum. And the building inspectors will default to the commercial code which reads that make-up air needs to be supplied at 80% of the exhaust rate. And because there are residential range hoods that can exhaust 600 CFM through a 6" or an 8" round duct (several manufacturers exhaust up to 1000 CFM through an 8" duct while most use a 10"), the question becomes even more confusing. And based on the fact that any exhaust vent in your home, combustion or not, is fitted with some type of backdraft damper/flapper, the reasonable path of least resistance for fresh air intake would still be an open and clear 6" duct, even at a 600 CFM exhaust rate. davidrol1, An air curtain is a great application for commercial settings but is just too uncomfortable for a residential homeowner. Hope this helped a little. Nate...See Morevery interesting articles on CFM and makeup air; 250 cfm suffices
Comments (11)Regarding clearing smoke from burning, a nontechnical input. We bought a very low-end insert special order from Lowe's. Don't know the CFM, but there was none lower available as this was the least expensive unit we could find. Soon after moving in, I was called outside for a minor emergency that made me forget all about what was on the stove. Hiking back afterward, though, I remembered fast when I smelled the black smoke of badly burned food. We're not talking scorch here. Scared for our house itself, I ran up the hill, the smoke with me all the way, burst through the kitchen door--and left the smoke completely behind. Outside. Although any flames had burnt themselves out, the pan was still charring away on the stove, but our little-engine-that-could vent was quite adequate to its task. There wasn't even anything to clean up on the backsplash behind the stove. I actually hated to move the pot away from it long enough to rush it outside. I don't regret that very satisfying demonstration of our vent's capability, even if I did have to throw a badly warped skillet away. The end. :)...See MoreRelated Professionals
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