Scarlett, I'm sure you can paint the trim. If laminate can be painted, surely anything can be painted. It will take prep work to get the paint to adhere, but I'll bet it can be done. Nevertheless, if you are going to put up panels, so little of the frame will show, that I doubt it would be worth the trouble to paint. Here is my niece's dorm room. Sister mixed coral, turquoise and sage green with it - successfully, I think. Out of sight, are the curtains. She used white Cameron cotton curtains from PB, which are currently one sale if you are interested. (ignore ugly throw. It is Niece's "blankie". Not stylish, but it gives her comfort away from home) Here is a link that might be useful: Cameron curtain

Cellular shade with an inside mount and shortest possible stack to minimize blockage of the window. -- amateur

Stool and table you posted were fine, but didn't think the lamp would go. Another thought is a hanging lamp, from the ceiling. Ikea seems to sell those. I like that grey one, $144. Or a nightstand with drawers. The print you liked could be beautiful with similar neutral frame to headboard, and grey tables...

Ceiling height is too high most of the time. The rods should always blend with the paint so they don't SCREAM out they are there. Are the blinds staying? If you don't plan to actually use the curtains and just hang dummy panels you could frame each window, other wise do what will be easies to open/close them which would be one set stacked to the far right and left. There's just enough room above the casing, below the ceiling break for a rod, so you are in luck.