-Elie Beauvilein" I'd agree with Vintage, the latter flushes are lighter than the first, it is lovely though and to my nose, fragrant. Because you mentioned repeat bloom to be important to you, there are many lovely pink blend Tea roses to choose from, with very good repeat. -Le Pactole" A rose that requires patience. Mine took 2 years to reach 2 1/2 feet tall, yet it gave such heartlongingly beautiful roses, I did not mind a bit that it was slow to build. I gave it away to a neighbor when I moved, and remember "Le Pactole" fondly. -"Westside Road Cream Tea" is a useful shorter Tea that matures to a height of c. 4 feet tall in Northern California. The first Tea to bloom in spring, very bushy and pretty foliage. Healthy enough to be grown with organic methods in our region, for me, the blooms of "Westside Road Cream Tea" are not as breathtakingly lovely as "Le Pactole". I consider the merits of W.R. C.T. to be in its' early bloom, fast repeat, and pretty growth habit. -My "Victor Velidan" wanted to die, and I let it. "V.V." had an upright growth habit, similar to a Hybrid Tea, that I could not abide. It did produce a strongly seductive perfume under warm and humid conditions, but I see growth habit more than I smell roses. Adeiu Victor! I confess compared to L. d. Messimy, I love "Comtesse du Cayla" beter. It is a larger China-Tea, with larger blooms than L. d. M., that range from orange, buff-yellow, pink and red. I wish you great success on whichever roses you choose. Lux.

Light emitting diodes (LED) are a type of semiconductor, similar to transistors and diodes. They operate on direct current, typically around 2 volts. LED's are more efficient than incandescent light bulbs, and have similar energy efficiency when compared to fluorescent lamps. Since LED's operate on direct current, they are well adapted for use in battery powered portable flashlights. To my knowledge, LED's are not cost effective when compared to compact fluorescents for interior lighting. I'm not sure that white LED's will ever be cheaper or more energy efficient than fluorescent lamps. I am not aware of any underlying physical reason that would make white LED's use less energy per unit of light output. If you have a source of dc current, then it might make sense to light your interior with white LED's, and avoid converting your power to alternating current, a necessary step for fluorescent lighting in this instance. If you are using alternating current off the grid, then there is no advantage to using white LED's for interior lighting at this time in history.

A few more items to add to my earlier post: This country pulled together during WW2. Everyone contributed to the effort. I believe it was because we as a nation was scared. When you become scared enough, you are willing to deal with desperate measures. It was a shock that the Japanese could easily sink a large part of the Pacific Fleet in one pass. We knew that Japan had a navy including submarines. Their fighter planes powered with Mitsibushi engines were equal to ours. After Pearl Harbor, we feared Japanese attacks on the west coast. There were more rumors floating around than truths. The problem was, there were enough actual incidents to fuel the rumors. Many things were tried to demoralize the population. It was tried to float incendary devices with baloons over the west coast. The idea was to set cities on fire. It did not work, but a few forest fires were set. In the Alantic Ocean, our merchant ships were being sunk by German U-boats. Submarine conning towers had been sighted off the east coast. Germany had war planes as well, but we feared their navy more. With both oceans filled with danger and Europe falling to pieces, we at last became scared for our lives and entered the fray 110%. Great effort was made to improve our fighter planes. In 1940, we did not have a big bunch of capable fighter style planes. A rush was done to make aircraft carriers more effective and equipment them with better planes. One the planes that became a premier fighter was the P51 Mustang. It set off to war with an underpowered engine. By war's end, its power almost doubled and it becanme a force to be reckoned with. The gull shaped wing Corsair had an interesting development. That plane was chosen to be adapted for carrier use. There are two requirements for carrier based airplanes that is different to gound based aircraft. It was desired to have folding wings so that more planes could be stored ina given space and the landing gear had to have almost more ft of compression to deal with the very hard deck landings. Now that extra compresion brought on another problem and that was banging the propeller into the deck. The Corsair had been under deveoplment as a land based airplane. Its designer needed to make it ready for carrier use in about 6 months. He did not have enough time to develop a completely new landing gear and figure out how to fold it insde the aircraft. This is what he did. He aimed the first part of the wing downward so that the shortie landing gear would hold high the nose of the plane. The hinge of the folding wing was right over the landing gear. The engineer gave the outer part of the wing a greater angle upward than normal practice. He did this in hopes it would negate some of the negative angle of the inner part of the wing. Designers of the day were building wings that were bent up a bit to aid stability. That negative bend was a worry. The engineer had not a clue if this would work. He more or less 'eye balled' the design making a guess as to what was proper. This gave the plane a distinctive gull wing shape. It was a nerve racking day when the test pilot put the plane into the air for the first time - It worked! And our designer became an instant hero. He had an equal chance of being panned and ridiculed. Radar development was fast and furious as well. Some pretty awkward designs were pushed out the door. There was no time for refinements. A sister development was SONAR for under water use. Penicillin was another WW2 development. It probably saved more lives than anything else. Down on the farms, fertilizers came into widespread use and unfortunately, DDT too. A national speed limit on trucks was 45 mph in the interest of saving fuel and wear (and tires). I'm not sure this was an effective thing because it slowed moving overland freight and extended driver's time behind the wheel. The city of Portland, Oregon became a ship building center. Many Liberty ships were made there. But you may ask, "Why Portland? Its 100 miles from the ocean." Its distance from the ocean was the very reason is was chosen. That portion of the Columbia river is deep enough to float ocean going ships (if they do not have too much draft). Nets made of heavy chains were placed in the stream to prevent a sub from navigating upriver. These chains were far enough below the surface to allow small boats to pass over. Anytime a large ship was to pass, these chains were dropped to the bottom. Listening and observation posts were established along the Aluetian chain of islands of Alaska. This chain stretches far across the northern Pacific. The poor souls who manned these posts were expendible. If anything happened to them, the military was not going to spend extraordinary rescue effort. The reasoning was the probability of success was low and it would be wasted effort. These hardy souls were on their own. Once settled in during late summer, you be spending the winter there. One of my cousins was one of those people. During the early part of the war, a country wide scrap metal drive was made. Independent truckers (mostly farm trucks and private businesses) canavssed the country side gathering scrap metal to send to the smelters. Iron based metals were of high demand followed by aluminum and copper. The first drive was sucessful but soon aferward, the government believed it needed more. A second drive was made and this time, there was not much to be had. After the second drive, there was no spare metal left on farmsteads. The local blacksmith managed to keep enough metal to keep his shop running. Before the war, it was common practice to pick up hitchhikers. The great depression had made hitchhikers out of many persons. In the rural communities, it was the thing to do, to give you neighbor a lift if you saw him trudging down the road. By war's end, this changed. As happened more than a few times, a soldier on furlough would make a home visit or to a relative or sweetheart and then use hitch hicking augment his trip back to base. The general population would offer rides if they were traveling his direction. Unfortunately, low lifes of our country began to take advantage of that situation. They might sit beside the road with a duffle bag and be clothed in a tattered and dirty uniform while their only purpose was to rob you along some lonely stretch of road and maybe take your car. A number of victims were killed. That was too bad, because a few soldier boys did get into bar fights, became unkempt, and maybe lost their money. They'd be AWOL if they did not get back to base. A nation wide campaign began to avoid hitch hikers. You gave a ride to only those you knew, and never to strangers. This was one of the negative effects on our society. The decline of small country churches began when farm communities became depopulated during the war. This trend continues today and the small country church is disappearing. First it was the close of the one room schools followed by the churches. The churches had been the social center of rural populations. It served up more than religion. It was the place to catch up on community news, arrange other social events, and maybe go to someone's home after church for Sunday dinner. There was no television and movies were frowned upon on Sunday. Boys and girls arranged dates. In summer, swimming and picnicing were popular. Chowders and family reunions were common. That all began to evaporate with the population shift and the tremedous advances in communications, both personal and public.

We have CFL floods and I love them. They look just like floods but if you look close inside you can see the swirled CFL behind the frosted glass. We live in Florida and I don't want hot lights, so we replaced all our 30-year-old recessed light cans for newer ones. Also, all the wiring was old scorched aluminum so we're gradually replacing all the wiring in the house at the same time. The big thing with CFLs is that you have to be patient for the lights to come to full power - I think it's about 60 seconds for most of the light and 90 seconds for full lumens. I like that because in the morning when I turn the lights on, it's not shocking me awake, rather gradually lighting up. Some people need that "GOOD MORNING!!!!" shock in their systems, I suppose, and they don't like it. Or they turn them on, say, these aren't nearly bright enough, and forget it, because they don't understand the warm-up time required. It's definitely worth it to have a cooler kitchen.