Thanks, Kim, for the confirmation. I checked on Chinese chives, it's the same as garlic chives mentioned in Field Roebuck's book. He stated, "In at least one controlled experiment, when planted underneath roses, garlic chives completely eliminated spider mites and reduced aphids." Rose magazine site stated that high-nitrogen chemical fertilizer does encourage aphids. The Canadian website that advocated fall fertilization, rather than spring, cited less insect problems with earlier nitrogen fertilization for wheat fields. Garlic chives have white flowers, it is listed among the invasive species. In my experience with invasive species, it's the least invasive, since it can be pulled up easily. It's a tiny bulb - rather than invasive roots. If you cut the flowering stem off before it becomes seeded, then you stop the growth. I was hoping it becomes invasive enough to gather a gallon for making pot stickers -but it did not spread fast enough in our 40" inch annual rain and high germination in magnesium rich soil. I also have the American chives with purple flowers, this is invasive since it spreads by roots. This chives is more drought-tolerant than Garlic, or Chinese chives. Calendula, or potted marigold, is just as pretty but more drought-tolerant than regular marigold. Calendula host many beneficial insects, especially green lacewings. These lacewings fly around and eat Calendula's pollens. But they give birth to larvae, named aphid lion. More info: "Each lacewing larva will devour 200 or more pests or pest eggs a week ... After this stage, the larvae pupate by spinning a cocoon with silken thread... the adult will live about four to six weeks...Each adult female may deposit more than 200 eggs. Nectar, pollen, and honeydew stimulate their reproductive process." What I like the most about garlic chives, or Chinese chives is its medicinal and anti-inflammation properties. It's especially yummy in potstickers, better than green onions. I like Calendula (comes in bright yellow and bright orange), since they are drought tolerant and still bloom during frost. Below is a picture of Calendula in my tomato garden:

Sammy, we all seem to forget that everything in Nature gets pruned. Whether it's by being burned, frozen or eaten, everything gets mown down. I haven't found a grass yet that didn't look better after being cut pretty much to the ground. I love Stipa tenuissima or Feather Grass, because it's so easy and elegant here. I know many will denounce it because it seeds so prolifically, but it's also as easy as alyssum to pull out where it isn't wanted. I hack it to the ground at least once a year and find it quite easy to actually thin by separating. I don't worry about killing it because it's so durable here and is always replaced by seedlings. I guess I would be less enthusiastic about hacking grasses back and pulling clumps of it apart if they were less tenacious here. I'd think as long as the grass isn't rhizomatous, you should be able to keep it in check with regular "mowing". I usually just grab it in a clump with one hand and slice through it with my clippers. It's worked quite well here. We have to remember, also, that most of them will, like lavenders and other companion plants, have to be replaced every few years. Most tend to get too woody and thick with age, resembling chaparral plants, which many are. Kim

hmmmmm........let's see... point taken, but denied. I guess freedom of speech, freedom of expression, and the ability to criticize to benefit the subject at hand has been definately skinned to nothing. My whole beef with the newbies, amateurs, and the personalized "plant holy men", is that some opinions that urge the wrong practices, the wrong implements, the wrong information are posted here. That is exactly the defined line where people use the wrong information and pay for it in the end. I defiantely work every day in the fields of horticulture, floriculture, and botany to eliminate the wrong information that is expressed by gardeners and amatuers. This bad information in the end does not benefit anyone, except the ones that clean up the mess. The funny thing in this whole wide world of arguement, is there are a lot of people on Gardenweb that give the wrong advice, and get their feelings hurt when someone comes around, like myself and others, that correct the terms. Whether you regard this as an personal attack or something else, that is the right of the individual. And I have the right, like others on here, to strictly burn the wrong ideas, implements, and formulations. It is like battling corn earworms in a field of organically grown corn. As persistant as they are, ever attention to detail must be done to ensure safer practices are measured up to the public outlook. Same direction for me and others, and I can tell you there are many professionals and collectors on here that are more direct than me, and they are battling the same thing. Wrong information and being lazy to post the right information can bring a cost to any application, especially when dealing with nautre, biology, botany, horticulture blah blah and blah blah. It is a never ending cycle, but I will sleep better at night that I will never be lazy and give the wrong information. I know that differs me from others on here, and I know that makes you little pissed Pezzy. You can go on and defending the wrong and getting direct with people like me who kill those bad ideas. Go for it, its your right, but I choose to make sure the newbies get the right information, by the right people.....

Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburgh, PA Sixth oldest rural cemetery in the United States comprises 300 acres of land. The gateway of the cemetery's Butler Street entrance is an outstanding example of John Chislett's reposeful Tudor style. Chislett, the first superintendent of the cemetery, was an architect of English descent. His careful planning and foresight formed the foundation for the present beauty of the cemetery. American College Arboretum, Bryn Mawr, PA 35 acres with about 600 labeled trees, an interior valley & a pond Andorra Natural Center, Wissahickon section of Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, PA 210 acres of woodlands, old forest, and meadows with 5 miles of trails, a European beech allee, an enormous beech tree with multiple trunks, unusual specimen plantings from the old Andorra Nursery share the hill with native tulip poplar, black cherry and white oak Appleford/Parsons-Banks Arboretum, Villanova, PA 22-acre arboretum with streams, woods, tracts of rhododendrons, stone walls, and a series of formal gardens Arboretum at Haverford College, Haverford, PA 216 acres with over 1,000 labeled trees & shrubs, including 3 of PA state champion trees Arboretum of the Barnes Foundation, Merion, PA 13-acre arboretum displays collections of crabapples, magnolias, peonies, and more than 250 varieties of lilacs and a woodland. Flower gardens include a formal garden, an annual garden, and a restored rose garden. Arboretum Villanova, Villanova, PA Flowering pear, crabapple, cherry and horse chestnut trees (some of the 1,500 trees, many of them labeled) and 35,000 daffodils are highlights of the self-guided tours. Awbury Arboretum, Philadelphia, PA 55 acres of beautiful scenery including 140 species of trees with a pond & stream located in the Germantown section of Philadelphia Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve, New Hope, PA 100 acres with 2 dozen trails devoted to preserving the native flora of PA Brandywine Conservancy, Chadds Ford, PA Wildflower and Native Plant Gardens at the Brandywine River Museum feature indigenous and some naturalized plants of the greater Brandywine region displayed in natural settings. Bryn Mawr Campus Arboretum, Bryn Mawr, PA 135-acre campus, designed by Vaux and Olmsted, features an English-style landscape design Chanticleer, Wayne, PA 30 acres with several types of gardens; seasonal Chatham College Arboretum, Pittsburgh, PA The college's lovely Woodland Road Campus is a registered arboretum. Cliveden National Historic Site, Philadelphia, PA 1767 Georgian manor house offers 6 acres of park-like landscape Colonial Penn Plantation, Media, PA The plantation includes a number of structures: Farmhouse with period furnishings, a Privy, Root Cellar, Springhouse, Stable, as they were in the 1700's, with crops, a pasture and an orchard. Visitors will witness all the duties and chores of an 18th century farm carried on in the old tradition by people wearing the same kind of clothes that farmers wore 200 years ago. Cooper Cabin, Butler, PA Pioneer museum, originally a farmstead, displays an herb garden. Crozer Arboretum, Upland, PA Arboretum, affiliated with a medical center, showcases the 25 acre Leona Gold Gardens and the Crozer Greenhouse. Curtis Arboretum, Allentown, PA Campus arboretum displays more than 135 varieties of trees and shrubs. A Nature Trail Guide is available for self-guided tours. Curtis Hall Arboretum, Wyncote, PA Arboretum surrounding Curtis Hall, the ballroom of the Cyrus Curtis Mansion. Demuth Foundation, Lancaster, PA City garden of artist Charles Demuth Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion, Philadelphia, PA 1859 Victorian house museum depicting 19th century domestic life surrounded by a recreated Victorian garden Elfreth's Alley Museum Houses, Philadelphia, PA America's oldest continuously occupied residential street is a national historic landmark and includes city gardens. Elmwood Park Zoo, Norristown, PA 16-acre zoo featuring 150 North American wild animals of 50 species in natural habitats, including Deciduous Forests, Grasslands, Wetlands, Desert and an indoor Bayou. Erie Zoo (now the Zoological Park and Botanical Garden of Northwest PA), Erie, PA 15-acre park with naturalistic habitats is home to 300 animals representing nearly 100 different species from six continents plus thousands of plants from 450 different species. Fallingwater, Mill Run, PA Renowned Frank Lloyd Wright house, situated in the 5000 acre Bear Run Nature Reserve, demonstrates the integration of architecture and landscape. Frick Art and Historical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 6 acre site showcases an art museum, a car and carriage museum, and a greenhouse, on beautifully landscaped grounds. The Gardens of Temple University, Ambler, PA Several theme gardens, a formal perennial garden, dwarf evergreens & Japanese maples Governor's Mansion Gardens, Harrisburg, PA Grange Estate, Havertown, PA The Grange is shown as a nineteenth century Victorian country house, the summer home of the Ashurst family, as it was around the turn of the century. The Mansion is surrounded by extensive Victorian gardens and woodland. Graver Arboretum of Muhlenberg College, Moorestown, PA 60-acre arboretum displays wildflowers, ferns, mushrooms, mountain laurels, rhododendrons, azaleas, giant grasses, and native and rare trees including 200 species of conifers. Grumblethorpe, Philadelphia, PA 1744 summer residence displays a re-created historic garden. Hartwood, Hampton, PA Beautifully landscaped grounds with formal gardens on this 629 acre estate include outdoor sculpture. Haverford College Arboretum, Haverford, PA 198-acre campus was designed by an English gardener in 1834 and the current Arboretum Association continues his efforts at campus beautification. The Ryan Pinetum offers a restored conifer collection begun in the 1920s. Henry Foundation for Botanical Research, Gladwyne, PA 50 natural acres preserving many rare & endangered species with varieties of rhododendrons, holly, magnolia & others Henry Schmieder Arboretum, Doylestown, PA A large preserve with several special gardens plus the Kerr orchid collection & mature specimen trees Hershey Gardens, Hershey, PA 23-acre botanical display with an award-winning rose garden, collections of conifers, hollies, rhododendrons & Japanese maples & several specimen trees, seasonal The Highlands Mansion and Gardens, Ft. Washington, PA The extensive plantings on this 44-acre estate include a lovely herb parterre garden developed over two centuries. Historic Bartram's Garden, Philadelphia, PA The oldest living botanical garden in the US, the home & garden of John Bartram, America's first botanist & best-known plant collector Historic Fallsington, Fallsington, PA The grounds surrounding these historic 17th, 18th and 19th century homes and buildings are replete with herb, flower and vegetable gardens, plus heritage roses Holtwood Arboretum, Holtwood, PA Recreation area, arboretum and wildflower preserve Homewood Cemetery, Pittsburgh, PA Started in 1855 by Prussian landscape artist Adolphe Strauch, the Lawn Park style of cemetery was a merger of landscape design and a system of rules and regulations. The design stressed clearing the dramatic natural landscapes of yesteryear and manipulating the grounds into a natural looking greensward. The 200-acre Homewood Cemetery was established in 1878 and Strauchs theories were implemented from the very beginning. The Homewood Cemetery is currently undertaking a major restoration effort to maintain the Lawn Park intention of the cemetery's design in an effort to regain the restrained elegance of the original landscape design. Guided tours available. Horticulture Center, Philadelphia, PA 31,000 square foot greenhouse, seven formal demonstration gardens, the 22-acre Centennial Arboretum (specimen trees and shrubs) and a 13th century-style Japanese House and Garden Independence National Historic Park, Philadelphia, PA Home of the Liberty Bell, World Heritage Site includes an 18th century garden, a rose garden and magnolia garden (at the Todd House) and extensive landscaping. Jenkins Arboretum, Devon, PA 46-acre preserve with collections of azaleas, rhododendrons, daylilies & wildflowers & test gardens for woody ornamentals & daylilies Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA 1,050 acres of formal gardens, fountains, idea gardens, meadows & woodlands with a nearly 4-acre conservatory, 11,000 different types of plants, a topiary garden, rose garden, wildflower garden, lily ponds, etc. etc. etc., one of the premier gardens in North America Louise Arnold Tanger Arboretum, Lancaster, PA This arboretum, designed by Gustav Malmborg, beautifies the Historical Society grounds with 104 varieties of mature plants. Malcolm W. Gross Memorial Rose Garden, Allentown, PA In the city called "Pennsylvania's Park Place", you'll find this All America Rose Selections accredited garden. Marywood University Arboretum, Scranton, PA This 115 acre arboretum campus displays over 100 species of trees and shrubs. Masonic Homes, Elizabethtown, PA Extraordinary formal gardens with lawns, terraces, rare trees, ornamental shrubs, rose beds and arbors, a reflecting pond, and large water fountain Mont Alto Arboretum, Mont Alto, PA Campus arboretum displays over 200 labeled trees, planted between 1910 and 1925, including an excellent collection of Asiatic conifers. 2 self-guided trails available. Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, PA 92 acres with many of Philly's oldest, rarest & largest trees plus thousands of rare & lovely woody plants, winding paths, streams & special garden areas Mt. Assisi Monastery, Loretto, PA Franciscan monastery offering lavish grounds with extensive gardens including the formal Sunken Garden and rock gardens, waterfalls, fountains, statuary, a medieval stone water tower, and a palatial mansion Mutter Museum Herb Garden, Philadelphia, PA Museum of medicine offers an herb garden. National Aviary, Pittsburgh, PA Indoor aviary, declared the official U.S. aviary in 1993, is home to 500 birds representing over 200 species in an environment of extensive plantings. Old Economy Village, Ambridge, PA Two gardens and a greenhouse grace the grounds of this restored and recreated 19 C. communal society, featuring lawns, arbours, and flower beds with an open Pavilion over a pool and a re-creation of a typical Harmonist family garden with old varieties of plants and vegetables planted according to historic arrangements. Penn State Horticultural Trial Garden, University Park, PA All America Selections trial garden and a Fleuroselect (a similar program in Europe) garden, the trial gardens display a rainbow of flowers. Penn State is also planning a 395 acre campus arboretum with natural woodlands, theme gardens (including vegetable, perennial, butterfly, herb, shade, plant society speciality, parterre), collections of vines, flowering shrubs and hedges, and a 10-acre naturalistic park. Pennsbury Manor, Morrisville, PA Recreated home of William Penn includes a recreated kitchen garden of fruit, vegetables and herbs and walled formal gardens. Pennypack Park, Northeast Philadelphia, PA Known as the "Cradle of American Ornithology," Pennypack has a wide variety of bird species, as well as the beauty of its creek and woodland. The Pennypack Valley was protected against logging for many decades, and has provided us with immense trees that are over a century old. Among them, red oak, sycamore, tulip, locust, red maple, pin oak, white oak, black oak, tupelo, yellow poplar, white ash, black walnut, sassafras, black cherry, shagbark hickory, dogwood and sumac are also in abundance. A bit less common are the sugar maple, apple, weeping willow, and scarlet oak Philadelphia Museum of Art Azalea Garden, Philadelphia, PA The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society is working on a landscape rehabilitation project for the Museum's 25 acres of grounds. Philadelphia Zoo, Philadelphia, PA America's first zoo, this 42 acre park-like zoo offers the Carnivore Kingdom, the Children's Zoo, the African Plains, the Bird House and Bird Lake, the Treehouse, Bear Country, the Primate Reserve, plus many indoor exhibits and a monorail. 100 mammal species, 150 bird species, and 225 reptile and amphibian species are represented Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens, Pittsburgh, PA 13-room Victorian glasshouse showcasing cacti & succulents, palms, orchids, ferns, seasonal displays & butterflies, plus many outdoor gardens The Physic Garden, Philadelphia, PA Proposed in 1774, the Botanical Garden was not actually created until 1976. It features a representative collection of herbs, trees and shrubs grown for medicinal purposes in 18th century American gardens. Pine Breeze Villa Japanese House & Garden, Philadelphia, PA Late 16-C authentic Japanese tea house with a combination of flowers, trees, pond, bridge and statues to form a perfect park setting with over 200 different types of rocks, trees and plants. Pittsburgh Civic Garden Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15 teaching gardens including daffodils, daylilies, ornamental grasses, herbs, ground covers & rock gardens Pittsburgh Zoo, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 A world of animals and birds in naturalistic habitats. Reading Public Museum, Reading, PA This museum offers 25 acres of grounds with hundreds of flowering trees, shrubs and sculptural gardens. Renziehausen Park Rose Garden and Arboretum, McKeesport, PA 258 acre park with an All America Rose Selections accredited rose garden with 1,200 roses arranged in 28 beds plus 3 raised miniature rose beds of approximately 300 bushes. Robert Pyle Memorial Rose Garden, West Grove, PA This rose grower, developer of All America Rose Selections winners, exhibits an All-America Rose Selections accredited garden. Rock Ford Plantation, Lancaster, PA This 1794 Georgian brick mansion is surrounded by 32 acres of gardens and woodlands. Rodale Institute Experimental Farm, Kutztown, PA Showcases organic principles in growing vegetables, flowers & herbs Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden, Pittsburgh, PA Over 100 temperate & tropical plants in a setting of the land of the Bible, seasonal Scott Arboretum, Swarthmore, PA Collections of rhododendrons, daffodils, azaleas, hollies, flowering cherries, crabapples, tree peonies, lilacs, magnolias & conifers, plus a rock garden, woodland garden & rose garden Stonehedge Gardens, Tamaqua, PA 6 acres of lovely gardens featuring the Perennial Garden, the Formal Culinary Herb Garden, an Exotic Tropical Spice and Flowering Specimen Garden, the Chile Pepper Garden, the Water Garden and the Hosta Garden. Swiss Pines, Malvern, PA 19 acre Japanese garden and wildlife preserve displays a Teahouse and Tea Garden, a stone garden, statuary, streams, a lake, stone lanterns, and bridges set among naturalistic plantings. Plant collections include the Glendale Azalea Garden (150 kinds); the Herb Garden (100 low maintenance species), the Ground Cover Garden (28 low-growing plants), and the Pinetum (over 200 varieties of conifers). Taylor Memorial Arboretum, Wallingford, PA 30 acre arboretum includes Anne's Grotto (a former quarry site with mosses, ferns, wildflowers, and azaleas), the millrace and waterfall and the Bald Cypress Pond (with cattails, rushes, and iris). Plant collections include azaleas, dogwoods, magnolias, junipers, lilacs, viburnums, witchhazels, Japanese maples, boxwoods, and arborvitae. Three Pennsylvania State Champion Trees (a giant dogwood, a needle juniper, and a lacebark elm) are also featured. Tyler Arboretum, Media, PA 700-acre preserve with collections of rhododendrons, azaleas, dogwoods, swarf conifers, crabapples, cherries, magnolias and 20 miles of trails through the grounds Welkinweir, Pottstown, PA Welkinweir has become a popular arboretum in the Delaware Valley, featuring many trails, walks, and ponds plus five rare Franklinia trees (Franklinia alatamaha). Wyck, Philadelphia, PA Originally 50 acres in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, Wyck's grounds today include a nationally known garden of over 30 varieties of old roses, flower borders, spring bulbs, herb and vegetable gardens Zoo America, Hershey, PA 11-acre zoo features plants and animals native to five regions of North America (the North Woods, Big Sky Country, Cactus Community, Eastern Woodlands and Grassy Waters) and displays 150 animals representing some 70 species amongst extensive plantings. Some of the above descriptions are provided courtesy of ILoveGardens.com