This isn't hard...as Renovator said, put the sash in the frame, hold the hinge up to the sash and frame where you want it to be (on the outside of both)...then mark where the screw holes are. Next, remove the sash from the window, and transfer the locations of the screw holes to the bottom of the sash using a square. How far in the screw holes are, you determine by placing that leaf of the hinge on the bottom of the sash, lining up the holes with the marks you made earlier, and using a pencil to mark the new holes. If the hinge is mortised into the sash, trace around the outside of it, and remove that wood with a chisel to a depth of the hinge's thickness. Unless I'm totally off, when the hinge was originally in place, the only visible part from the basement side was the lower leaf on the window frame...so when the window was closed, the hinge had an L-shape profile. My own basement windows are square, and all hinged on the side, but the hinges are totally concealed as they would be on a cabinet with inset doors. Personally, I'd do the hinges from the top or side instead. The most simple solution for your original question is to just surface mount the hinge on both halves rather than just the bottom.

I saw these on QVC. They are called BurglaBar 6-piece Silent Entry Security Set Item # V22466 They are for sliding glass doors as well as doublehung windows. You get a set of 6. Basically, a BurglaBar is a small rectangle of incredibly strong clear lucite plastic. It adheres to your window (or sliding glass door). It has a part that flips up or down. In the down position you can open your window. In the up position it blocks the window from moving. You can even place them on the window so that you can open your window only a few inches but no more than that (for people who want to have a little fresh air but don't want anyone to enter thru the window). It is hard to explain what they are and the photos on QVC. com don't really help, but you can go to QVC.com and read about the product. Read the reviews of it too. If you buy something from QVC and don't like it, you can send it back for a full refund within 30 days, no questions asked. I have done the drilling a hole for a nail thing too, as other posters have suggested. It works but is not very attractive. I even painted the nails white to match the window frame to try to improve the appearance of it. What I found was that you have to align both sashes perfectly while you are drilling the hole. SO if your sashes are kind of old and crooked like mine, have someone tightly hold the window closed while you are drilling.

My friend's well windows, just like yours, flooded last week. If I were you, I'd put the electronics far away from the window wells. In forty years their basement had not had one drop of water, but last week they lost it all. And if you haven't carpeted yet, I'd use tile and area rugs, too. I like your basement, but I wouldn't risk losing it all to a once-in-a-lifetime flood. Let the fireplace stand alone - it's beautiful!

There is a glass stop on the inside, you remove that and the window will come out, order new glass install, and put the window stops back. Here is an example If you don't have that option you have to order a new sash.