Actually the accepted name is Aloe vera, with barbadensis being a synonym.... might as well use the proper name since that is the everyone is familiar with anyway. Aloe vera is one of the more cold tolerant aloes in my garden. However, your plant does not look like a typical Aloe vera, which is a much greyer plant... but it still could be one... perhaps not getting much sun? They do look a lot greener when grown in shade. Here in So California, the only time of year it rains is when its 'freezing' cold, so, at least in my experience, water/wetness make no difference when it comes to cold hardiness. All my aloe damage and losses in winter have been from dry, still, super cold nights, not ones with rainfall.

Not sure, but possibly Aloe juvenna. If yes, it grows longer stems.

I do not know much about aloes, but first (pic. #2) looks like A. maculata to me...I have one but obviously much smaller in pot & in cold climate, and it looks like yours-same markings and teeth. It never bloomed yet and it pups 'well' - I see yours is too. I see aloe (?) inflorescence (is it?)- are you trying to grow plat from it? Can't tell what is in same pot - photo is too small and, btw - plant is way too deep inside of it. Also 2 aeoniums (not sure about exact cv names); mixed hanging basket has Lithops, Fenestraria (Baby toes), Anacampseros and Adromiscus cristatus (I do not think they should be together -bit different needs IMO); can't tell for sure looking at the last photo... To make it easier to refer to different plants, it would be best if you number photos :)

It looks pretty good;). The red coloring could be from the cold or some sort of stress, but nothing to worry about. These guys are more of a lower light type succulent. All day summer sun is a no go for these guys. Morning sun afternoon shade or a good spot where it would get bright indirect light. Not enough light the leaves will get really long and thin. So the right amount of sun will keep compact. I would personally switch the mix to something faster draining. It’ll look even better. The mix it’s in looks dark and water retentive. At least from what I can tell;). An easy quick mix is half rinsed/strained pumice or perlite and the rest cactus soil. When you switch the mix you can see what’s going on with the roots and inspect everything. Pots should have drainage holes. I water my Gasterias all year long. They come from South Africa so they’re more of a winter grower. In the summer I’ve heard people slowing down the waterings, but I still water mine. Keep in mind the summer they should be less active and water may not be absorbed as quickly. Just pay attention to your plant. It’s always best no matter what time of year to let the mix to dry out between waterings. I do see this fungus on lots of Gasteria it’s called black spot fungus. The leaves will get black dots on the leaves. It seems to be harmless. Just ugly. You could use an anti fungal if it bugs you. Too much humidity is most likely the cause. I find Gasterias to be fairly easy. Goodluck;). I’m not sure if Gasterias have any medical properties, but I have heard the flowers are edible.