First, let me say that I'm in central Italy, not the USA. Normally, at the end of July we would expect that our temperatures should be at least 30 - 35 degrees C or more (85 - 95 F) from mid-June until the end of August with no rain since, at least, the beginning of June until the end of August. However, this year is like no other. Last winter wasn't cold, it rained constantly until mid-May and it's now raining three or four times a week at the end of July - absolutely unheard of - it's raining as I write this, and today our top temperature was 21 degrees! So, how has this affected my roses? Well, blackspot is the major problem. My rose garden is only two years old. The first two Austins I planted were a St. Swithun climbing rose against the south-facing stone wall of the house and a Golden Celebration planted in full sun. These were both 2 year old grafted plants. For me, 'full sun' means that in Summer sunrise is between 5:30 and 6:00 am and sunset is about 8:30 - 9:00 pm. There is no shade for any of my roses (apart from the one against the South-facing stone wall) - they're in 'full sun' all day. St. Swithun has almost reached the top of the 4 metre (13 feet) South facing stone wall of the house. It was planted in mid-May 2012. Despite its location the pale pink blooms are prolific from April until November. It really doesn't seem to stop blooming until very late November. The perfume of the blooms is wonderful (I like the myrrh fragrance) and it is a healthy plant, apart from some BS problems with our ridiculously humid weather this year. The flowers do not fade, even though they are a pale pink. However, it has the most hideous prickles of any of my roses. They really are vicious and I have to wear leather gauntlets when dealing with it. The other negative comment I have about St. Swithun is that the blooms don't fall off the plant when they've finished flowering - they stay there, dead, brown and ugly! I have to use a broom to knock them off. Because of the height of the rose I've had to spend a fortune on a ladder that's tall enough for me to take my life into my hands and prune it! Golden Celebration is, perhaps, my favourite DA rose. My grafted version is about 1.5 metres high with a diameter that is at least the same as its height. It is covered in blooms all Summer long and is normally disease free but, this year it has some BS. The fragrance of Golden Celebration is the most pleasing to me. Other DA roses I have - A hedge of Queen of Sweden roses (100 plants) - the most healthy of all my DA roses. Planted bare root in January 2013, they now form a hedge about 1.2 - 1.5 metres in height that flower constantly from the end of April until November. A delightful myrrh fragrance. I can't think of anything negative about the Queen of Sweden. An own-root Teasing Georgia bought in May 2013 in a 2.5 litre pot which is now over 1 metre tall and perhaps 1.5 metres in diameter. It has flowered constantly since mid April. At the moment it has some black spot, but it is smothered in blooms. I find its fragrance very elusive. An own-root Golden Celebration, also bought in May 2013 in a 2.5 litre pot which is not as vigorous as Teasing Georgia but is healthy and floriferous. A 2 year old grafted Lichfield Angel, planted in June 2013, mid-Summer (never a good idea - but it was a gift). It is already a 1.5 metre tall x 1.5 metre diameter plant covered in enormous blooms. For me the only negative about this plant is the lack of any fragrance - at least, I can't detect any. A grafted Wildeve - I love the bloom form - but I should have paid more attention to the catalogue where it said that it shared many characteristics of a ground-cover rose. Mine is much wider than it is tall but it, too, is covered in the most beautiful pale pink roses with a lovely perfume. A Shropshire Lad - a mistake. I didn't realise that I had bought the climbing version. This too, is a 2 year old grafted plant that I've spent all spring/summer trying to convince to become a shrub rose. I believe I'm fighting a losing battle. It's also a complete BS magnet. I've also noticed that my Shropshire Lad flowers don't seem to bear any resemblance to others I've seen. Don't quite know what went wrong here. I can't detect any fragrance. Sharifa Asma x 2 - bought as own-root plants in 2.5 litre pots in May 2014. Replanted into larger pots a month ago they've both doubled in size and are now covered in buds. I just wonder whether I can keep them small enough to grow in 50 cm pots? Very healthy foliage and delightful perfume. Evelyn - another gift - about a six weeks ago. I've replanted it into a larger pot until I can decide where it should be planted. At present, the foliage doesn't look great and it seems to have some fungal infection so I've sprayed with an anti-fungal spray to see if I can control it. Sorry for such a long post … I forgot to say that I have extremely alkaline, very heavy clay - pH 8 soil - which, in its natural state varies between yellow and blue/grey in colour. Truly hideous. I have amended it heavily with anything and everything I can find - kilos of coffee grounds from my local bar, dozens of plastic bags of oak leaves (which I collect in early Spring an let rot down for 12 months), truck loads of rotted horse manure. Something must be working because the roses are all growing like crazy. Cheers Tricia

As I stated before it is not a personal attack. I am hoping to get you to spread more useful, accurate information. I am very sorry that you feel so threatened. That is absolutely in no way my intentions. This is the type of content of your website I was referring to: "when any other variegated plant is placed in the same area, they die within a matter of a week." My 'Maya' is placed in full sun until 3 or 4 in the afternoon. As I'm sure you're aware, the temperatures here in Southern California are regularly over 90 degrees. 'Maya' is the strongest plant in my collection. It holds up to the heat, cold, and insects. I am in no way saying 'Shorty' might not be as good. ( and it sucks that I have to say that because you're being so defensive) 'Shorty' looks good! It looks like a 'Maya' with a little more Versicolor in it. But all I'm seeing is information that's seems pretty darn biased. Who grows a 'Maya' cutting that takes two years to flower? With proper technique it should flower at less than two feet tall in less than a year. As far as growing virused plants goes...... You know why I do it....... But I will spell it out for new growers. My collection contains virused plants because most plants these days are random multi-hybrids. If we continue along this path all of the Brugmansia hybrids will start to look the same. The true species plants have been propagated so long vegetatively that most if not all have acquired viruses. As stated I keep my seedlings far away from my collection and any known Brugs. My collection consists of mostly true species plants. I work toward hybridizing for pure species plants. This ensures we will have these species in the future and I will be able to return seeds of these species to their native habitats if needed. Especially with plants like vulcanicola. I know what's coming.......... What about 'Maya'??? It's not a pure species. Ahhh... But it is a x Candida, and with enough crossing back to Aurea can be almost 100% Aurea. Or the same thing with Versicolor. Thank you! Good night.

I am interested in what is the natural spread of rose viruses. In designing any experiment one normally calculates the number of samples required to obtain a result that has a 95% confidence level. I think the results of this type of calculation for rose virus spread are interesting. If the natural spread in a field is 1% a year and one checked the field at the end of one year, one would have to examine 2377 plants to be able to report the results as having a 95% confidence level (1.0 +/- 0.4)%. If the natural spread in a field is 4% a year, and one checked the field at the end of one year; one would have to examine 9220 plants to be able to report the results as having a 95% confidence level (4.0 +/- 0.4)%. To be able to report a (4 +/- 1)% spread, the number of plants should be 1475. To be able to report a (4 +/- 2)% spread number, one would need to examine 369 plants. To be able to report a (4 +/- 3)% spread number, one would need to examine 164 plants. The number of plants required for a quantitative study are probably larger than what most researchers would want to undertake. Another approach is a qualitative study to see if the spread is non zero. If designed correctly, positive results of such a study would have a definite meaning but negative results would not. An example of such a study appears to be the published paper by R. H. Converse and A. B. Bartlett, Plant Disease Reporter, volumn 63, pages 441-444, (1979). They studied 21 wild rose plants from 17 Oregon, U.S.A. locations. 5 plants out of the 20 that were tested by agar-gel diffusion (1 plant was not tested) were found to have tobacco streak virus. The positive testing plants came from 4 of the 17 sites (2 positive out of 2 tested from one site; 1 out of 1 tested from another site; 1 out of 3 from another; and 1 out of 1 from another). (The wild rose was not identified in the paper, I suspect that it was R. Setigera.) Here is a link that might be useful: Link to do your own calculations

Found this post in another thread, maybe the strain I dealt with was different from Diane's: henry_kuska 6 years ago There is no such thing as a virus named RMV. RMV is the group name for a number of viruses that infect roses. Even for a single virus in that group there are different strains that have different virilities. Also, the rose imune system has been shown to be more efective at fighting PNRSV (usually considered the most common rose virus in the U.S.) at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. Thus, someone in a warmer climate may feel that a certain virus infection is not a big deal, but that experience probably will not apply to the same variety of rose with the same virus (and same strain) infection grown in a cooler climate. Also, since we are normally dealing with hybrids, the immune system can vary from rose variety to rose variety. When you add that it may be a different virus, a simultaneous infection with two or more types of virus, and/or an infection with a different strain of an individual virus; you see that it is risky to make general statements about what an untested rose virus infection will mean to someone else.