Neither shrub nor tree but an aroid which will die back to a tuber in the winter.

Perhaps too late to be useful, but I think this is tomato hornworm frass (caterpillar poop).

Google lens showed a similar plant like this for sale as purple passionfruit, with no species name attached. I would never buy any plant sold without the exact species name. I'm assuming that you saw it for sale too, and that's why you're asking. It seems to resemble young Passiflora seedlings that start out with regular shaped leaves before making lobed leaves. I'd steer away from buying items from such places. If you want a better ID, show it again with mature foliage. But then,it's not yours, is it?

The dark "dead" aphid is called an aphid mummy.....it's been parasitised by a special wasp that laid its eggs into the aphid's body. The tiny wasp larvae will feed slowly but surely on the aphid's internal organs until they emerge as mature (though tiny) parasitic wasps, leaving an empty aphid mummy.