I think you might have to pay the installers extra to move furniture. Your best bet with all the complications of furniture is to call your local stores and ask questions. Mainly, will they uninstall on a Friday and install later (maybe Monday is too soon -depends on how fast you paint)? If the furniture must be moved, and not by them, you can look in the yellow pages. I've used "Two Guys and a Truck" for this. No truck needed. I like to use real carpet stores for carpet, even if the quality is the same at the big box stores.

I think you may have trouble finding a company whose crew will do part of the job, then wait for you to do your work, and then return. Carpet crews especially like to finish their work at one go.

In your case, I'd do the rooms one at a time. Move everything you can out of the room, move the heavy stuff away from the walls, paint, then have the carpet guys come in. They will move the heaviest stuff out and then back into your room and place it where you want it.

We purchase carpeting from a local flooring store that carries good quality things, including carpet. What you need to do is some footwork, comparing quality and pricing at Lowe's, HP, etc., with flooring-only stores. Must say that I haven't been impressed with what the big box stores carry, but then I didn't look very closely, either. I'd put a pretty good quality carpet in the hallway, as it will have a pathway worn down on it fairly quickly!

If you are at all physically able to, tear up your carpeting yourself. It is easy and will save you money that can be put toward a better quality carpet, as much as $2/sf. You need some comfortable utility knives (Stanley's FatMax line has a soft rubber grip that's a dream to use) with a LOT of heavy-duty blades, comfy work gloves, a roll of heavy twine, a few big trash bags, pliers, an old flat-end screwdriver, and a hammer. If you can get a Shop-Vac somewhere so much the better, otherwise a broom and dustpan AND your regular vacuum. Eye protection is a must and I also strongly recommend dustmasks, the kind with one-way exhalation valves so you don't get a sweaty, glasses-fogging mess under the mask. (They're about $7 each and well worth it.)

Assuming you don't have beautiful hardwood underneath that carpeting, use a pair of pliers to yank the carpet off the tack strips along one wall, then every 3 feet cut a line with the utility knife to form a strip going all the way to the other side of the room. Roll it up tightly, tie it with twine, and set it aside. Continue with the next strip until you're all done. If you do have hardwood under there, have one person peel back the carpet and another do all the cutting from the back in midair so as not to risk the blade damaging the floor even further. We found 3 feet to be the most manageable size to deal with for lifting and carrying. Now you're down to padding, which is usually stuck to the floor with 237 million staples. So, just rip the padding up in hunks as best you can (thus the gloves) and throw it in the trash bag. (The padding under our carpet was basically shredded and there was so much sand underneath that we used a shovel!) Use the pliers to pull out the staples you can grab onto, use the screwdriver to pry up staples far enough to grab onto them. If you really cannot get a staple up, use the hammer to pound it into the subfloor until it is flat. If you can get your hands (or behind LOL) on a skateboard from a neighborhood kid or Freecycle, it is SO convenient to sit on to scoot around the room to get all those dang staples. Otherwise, scoot around on your bum on a piece of cardboard. Use the claw end of the hammer to pry up the tack strips and wrap those in one hunk of carpet to discard them in a trash bag. If you have a ShopVac, vacuum the floor; if you don't, sweep thoroughly with a broom before vacuuming the newly bare floor with a regular vacuum.

If you are really unlucky, the padding was glued down to the floor rather than tacked. You'll need to scrape it off with wide-bladed putty knives/scrapers - you can get ones that are threaded for a broomstick to be screwed on so you can do this standing up - and dust masks are no longer optional.

We drafted a friend to help and we were done taking out about 600sf of carpet between lunch and supper. While DH cut the carpet up into strips, our friend rolled and tied, and I followed behind (scooting on my bum LOL) pulling off padding and staples. If you have had pets in the past that had accidents in those rooms, you'll want to seal the subfloors in those areas with an odor-blocking primer like Kilz Odorless (which isn't by a longshot, open the windows because it is like taking the top of your head off and stirring your brains with a spoon).

Flooring installers often rip you off big time to move furniture and more importantly are rarely careful doing so, so minimize the amount of furniture moving they must do. They'll also hit you up if they have to make extra trips - unless the rooms are very large or weirdly laid-out thus requiring complex cutting or piecing, they should be able to do two bedrooms and a hallway in one day. It's shocking how fast they can move when they want to get a job done! Try to get the installation scheduled for a Monday that you can take off from work, and try to call in whatever karma points/favors you may have accumulated to get as much help as you can. Since you say the kids are almost grown, if they're still living at home they ought to be helping if they are physically able. The week before the carpet is to be installed, box up all the books and small items, the clothes and stuff from the closets, etc. and put them in the living room, dining room, wherever you can stash it, along with any small furniture like nightstands, small tables, etc. Yes, your house will look like a disaster, just remember it's temporary. :-) Disassemble beds and any other furniture that can be taken apart and remove as much as you can. Early Saturday morning, move one room's remaining furniture into another room (furniture sliders and furniture lifting straps are miraculous inventions - can't tell you how many times we have used and lent out that "shoulder dolly" I linked, well worth the quite-small price), strip the carpet from that room, and do your ceiling paint. When buying the paint, consider the recoat time - some paints can be recoated in as little as 2 hours. Sunday morning, move both rooms' furniture into the newly carpet-less room and strip out the carpeting in the second room, then paint. Fit the hallway carpet removal in wherever there is time. :-) Monday morning the carpet installers can begin with that empty room and they will blow through the job quickly if there are no obstructions. Move all the furniture into the newly carpeted room so the second room and hallway can be carpeted, then return the second bedroom's furniture to its place, leaving it in the middle of the room. THEN do the touch-ups on the walls in both rooms and hallway - our flooring installers put all kinds of dings and nicks and grubby spots on our walls! When the touch-ups dry, then you can start reassembling the rooms. The kids may have to camp out on the floor in another room for a few days, or stay at friends' houses, but they will survive it. :-)

I can't really help you on where to buy the carpet, since I used carpet tile I purchased online! I do know that the installers at the big box stores are subcontracted and can range from excellent to nightmarishly bad; personally I'd be inclined to go with a flooring-only store that had their own full-time installation crew, as I did when I had hardwoods installed at my last house.

Try Craigslist on the carpet. If you don't find what you want there, try local remnant stores. You can find referals in online Yelloe Pages, or in Angies List. Ask installers how they want to do it with the furniture; they know because they do it all the time. I just had hardwood installed and they just moved furniture to one side of the room, laid that part, then moved it back and laid the other part... but hardwood doesn't need to be stretched like carpet.

Not sure if you have done this job yet, but if you are painting, moving and have dogs and kids as you say, you should really get a roll of plastic carpet protector. you can use the carpet protector with your movers when they put the furniture in the mbr, as a traffic guard for carryign paint in/out of the house, when you move back in over the new carpet and also just in general with the kids and dog. its super helpful to have around and this kind of carpet protection doesn't allow any dirt or paint to get through the plastic.

I am with Mari, tear up the carpet yourself.

I've done it single handedly. It was really easy with a sharp utility knife. I cut the carpet into sections, rolled it up, and put it by the curb. Easy!