Soap doesn't affect the future insects. it kills the insects that are coated with soap spray. Just apply it to the heavily infested growth tips. I can't make out the image of the winged insect, but if it is nearly immobile and looks like a winged aphid, that's what it is. Many beneficial predators will be present when aphids are thick, including syrphid flies and larvae, lacewing adults and larvae, ladybugs and larvae, and tiny wasps. They will almost always gain control of the aphids within a few weeks. Wiping off the thickest concentrations of aphids is a suitable control measure. Spraying water is fine, although many of the aphids will climb back up the rose. Aphids don't do significant harm unless they encrust the stems continuously for over a week.

leasa - I just went out with a flashlight to see if the little black things were still there...which is where a neighbor found me. She told me they are called "snow fleas." I looked at a couple of online articles w/photos and made a positive ID, although the ones I'm seeing are very small, 1/64" perhaps. I thought we were in for the wicked flea infestation of the century, but it turns out these are good fleas. I even dosed the poor cat with flea stuff, which he & I both hate. Case closed...! Here is a link that might be useful: wiki article on snow fleas

Here's some info and pictures of mayflies. http://www.cirrusimage.com/ephemeroptera_mayflies.htm Here is a link that might be useful: mayflies

The mouthpart is rather like a hollow tube that they stab into their victim. They inject powerful digestive juices first and then suck the liquified 'innards ' as their meal. Very nice image, thank you for posting.