Agreed, Jacqueline. Teas and Chinas RESENT hard pruning. Evergreen roses need the stored carbs in the old wood to push new growth and remain as disease resistant as they should be. Those huge petals in the quantities they produce them in take a LOT of energy, and they keep it in reserve in that old, thick wood. Many years ago, one of the local rose societies pruned the old Teas such as Rosette Delizy and a number of others at The Homestead Acre in Chatsworth Park South. Candy and Dean Craig, who restored the garden as their retirement project, were in Colorado where they spent every summer. When they returned to find the old Teas pruned like exhibition HTs, she cried. It took YEARS for them to begin to recover. It was sickening. These roses perform as splendidly as they do because they don't get "pruned". Simply remove any badly damaged, diseased wood and any which are definitely not where you can deal with them. Leave the rest alone. If disease and insects such as rose slug are issues, strongly consider removing the foliage and cleaning as much of it as possible from the beds. Your garden waste barrels are the perfect disposal container for them. I don't ever use rose debris as mulch in rose beds/gardens (at least, not deliberately). If nothing else, it keeps me from encountering prickles, such as those nasty Chihuahua teeth ones on the leaf midribs, when I'm not expecting it and when I don't WANT to. If we're lucky, we get wind and strong enough rains to knock off the foliage which should be shed here on SoCal. Usually, we aren't that fortunate. Otherwise, if there are issues in the garden which need addressing, defoliating the plants makes it SO much easier and efficient, IF you can deal with the blood loss!

Illicium 'Woodland Ruby' and I. mexicana came through their second winter with only slight leafburn in a non-sheltered location. Manglietia insignis, Parakmeria, Choisya ternata (green & 'Sundance') had only moderate leafburn. Choisya 'Aztec Pearl' was undamaged. choisyas are ready to bear their fragrant white flowers. Edgeworthia papyrifera flowered profusely. Cyrilla arida and C. 'Small leaf' were burned with some dieback. Green Loropetalum chinense had about 50% burn and the bronze/purple forms were (as usual) 90% burned with minor tip dieback. Even the less hardy Loropetalums flower and increase in size each year. Cornus kousa angustata had it's usual foliage burn at around 10. Green and variegated Ternstroemia is in good condition. Daphne odora in several spots had some burn and partial flowering Ilex buergeri had only partial leafburn-better than when I used to protect it.

Discussion Posted by Eduarda 10 - Portugal I love berrying shrubs. They are so useful and look so lovely in Winter. So, what are the berrying shrubs that you have, love to have and have to have? Ill start with those I have. - Hollies - ilex aquifolium, JC Van Toll, Golden King, Aureomarginata - Nandina domestica - Firethorn - my privacy edge separating me from the road - Viburnum tinus - some blue berries are already showing up - Callicarpa - the purple berries are wonderful at this time of the year - Pernettya - pink and white berries - Cotoneaster horizontalis - Ruscus - Hips in rosa gallica officinalis and versicolor, Heritage and Veilchenblau What else am I missing for my Winter garden? Eduarda __________________________________________________ Follow-Up Postings: RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: TheGardnr z6 MA Ilex verticillata __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: Eduarda 10 - Portugal (My Page) Right! I love it. If only I had a source to obtain it! I´ve never seen it offered for trade in Portugal... Eduarda __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: Herb Victoria, B.C. Cotoneaster franchetii. Grows to between 2 and 3 meters tall and has LOTS of orange berries. I've just added a picture of ours to the Hortiplex database. __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: Teri2 6/7 TN (My Page) Ilex crenata (a fast growing boxwood look-alike) is used extensively for sheared hedging here. What most people don't realize is that if you lay off the shears when it flowers in spring, you'll be rewarded with a crop of dark blue berries that will have mockingbirds hopping all over those hedges come winter. __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: Eduarda 10 - Portugal (My Page) I didn´t know that about ilex crenata - thanks for letting me know. Another one I´ve never seen in Portugal, sigh... Eduarda __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: bahia SF Bay Area (My Page) Acmena smithii(purple) Arbutus unedo(red) Cestrum aurantiacum/elegans/nocturnum(white or red) Clerodendrum trichotomum(turquoise) Dianella ensifolia/intermedia/tasmanica(turquoise to deep purple) Duranta repens/stenostachya(golden yellow) Helmholtzia glabberrima(white) Heteromeles arbutifolia(deep red) Hedychium gardnerianum(orange seeds) Mahonia aquifolium/lomariifolia(blue) Pittosporum tobira/undulatum(deep yellow to orange) Symphoricarpos albus(white) Syzygium paniculatum(purple) Not all of these have berries in winter, but all of them do have seasonally showy berries/fruits. It also pays to be careful with berrying shrubs, as the fruits may be exceptionally attractive to birds, and cause problems if spread into wild lands. This is a real problem with some Cotoneaster and Hedera species in California. It may be safest to use plants that can't get established from seed/or aren't quite hardy in your climate, rather than things that can/are... I would look for plants that come from climates with the opposite rainy season to yours, or that are known as noninvasive in your region. __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: dirtydave 8 (My Page) I live in Seattle, which has a mild, maritime zone 8 climate not too unlike northern Portugal. All the berrying plants mentioned in the opening list do well here. Here are a few more: Aucuba japonica Sarcococca confusa Ilex cornuta __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: rebow 6 Philly (My Page) beautyberry with its purple berries and winterberry with red ones that last all winter. __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: Eduarda Z10 - Portugal (My Page) I have beautyberry (callicarpa americana) and this year I´m keeping my fingers crossed it will be a real beauty, since it has grown quite a lot since last year and the berries are already forming! I love winterberry, but unfortunately I have never come across it in Portugal. If anyone knows of any mail order company in Europe from where I could import it, I would be eternally grateful. TIA Eduarda __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: luseal z 6-7 PA I used to plant many butterfly bushes, but not anymore. I removed at least ten of them(all) and planted three iridescent purple/blue VITEX. They look like butterfly bushes except they are prettier. The leaves are more beautiful and the spiky flowers, more lush and vibrant than a butterfly bush. I planted them in different beds and use they as a small tree. I pruned all the lower branches so I could plant under them. Unless you want a full bush( which is beautiful, if that is what you want) do not shear this shrub. Stratically prune it like a fine tree and you will be rewarded with a small 5 foot flowering tree/shrub. It needs full sun. (Did you have a sweltering hot summer in Portugal as all the other European Countries had?) __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: Eduarda Z10 - Portugal Luseal, your suggestion sounds lovely, but unfortunately this is yet another plant I´ve never seen offered for sale in Portugal... I need to have a word with my favorite garden centre and see what they can come up with. We are indeed in the middle of a terrible heat wave. 13 out of the 18 districts which build up the country have been (and still are) under uncontrolable fires and most of the country´s forest has been devastated. 14 people have already died. Thousands of people have lost their homes, burnt to the ground. The government has declared a state of public calamity. Honestly, I cannot remember a more afflicting Summer. And the temperatures are still at over 110 F for we don´t know how many more days to come... __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: Iowa_Jade 5a I was reading a book on the Lewis & Clark expedition and read about a description of Symphoricarpos albus or Snowberry. They mentioned it was good for steep banks and erosion control. That is one of the main reasons that I would be interested in same. They mentioned the birds only ate it if they were REAL hungry. All parts of the plant are poisonous, except to birds. Any other choices you might reccomend? Thanks! __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: shrubs_n_bulbs z8/9 UK Symphoricarpos berries are not poisonous, they just taste really bad, that's why the birds leave them. They used to be used as a last-resort food source in winter. They can cause vomiting if you eat enough. __________________________________________________ RE: Berrying shrubs Posted by: jeff_al 8 AL (My Page) No one has mentioned skimmia japonica. have a look at joe's photo from the garden photo gallery. now, what in the world is a guy in alabama doing on the winter garden forum? *lol* __________________________________________________

I clean up whenever I have time to and pretty much ignore all the rules. I have a large garden and if I waited til Spring to start cutting things back it would be mid Summer before I got everybody trimmed and pruned. I have never lost something because it was trimmed back and exposed to cold wet weather. I tend to lose things in the Spring when the weather swings from frosty to hot, back and forth. I've already started pruning my fruit trees which is a big no-no, but again, it's just me and one set of pruners so I have to start now in order to get done by mid April.