The nuts from my red buckeye tree fell and are sending down little tap roots. Should I pot them up or leave them in situ over the fall and winter? I eventually wish to spread the new seedling trees around in our woodland copse area. Red Buckeye blossoms are pollenated exclusively by hummingbirds.

Hi Rhoni Ann, Lots of people are painting red/orangey-red brick homes nowadays. If you're a fan of the Fixer-Upper TV show on HGTV, you've probably noticed that Chip and Joanna Gaines have totally transformed the exterior of many brick homes by painting that red/red-orange brick in all sorts of lovely shades of gray, creamy white or beige. After they add new trim and sometimes shutters and window boxes (depending on the style of the home and the look they're going for), along with new landscaping, those homes look just as transformed on the exterior as they are on the interior. Keep in mind that once you paint your brick, assuming you are going with a lighter color, it will reflect heat and light, but I have found there are lots of plants which grow well on the hotter west and south sides of homes that what a person might expect. First of all, if you will amend your clay with compost or some other organic material before you plant, then your plants will do so much better that it will blow your mind and you won't have to water nearly as much. We have dense, thick red clay (the kind you could use to make clay pots) that had zero organic matter when I tested it when we moved here in 1999. When they dug the holes for our percolation test for our septic system when we built our house, most all of the water remained in the holes after 24-hours, which explains why we have a lagoon instead of leach lines. Along our south and west facing walls, cannas have done really well in only lightly amended clay. If you plant the tall ones that get 4-7' tall, they will form their own mini-wall along the bring wall, and they don't really mind the heat as long as you water them occasionally in summer. They die back in winter, but you can cut off the ugly dead foliage at the ground so you don't have to look at it all winter long. Cannas are very strong, resilient plants, fitting into my favorite category of plants that I describe in this manner: they won't die and you can't kill them. In front of those taller cannas, you could the short, compact evergreen shrubs of your choice so you'd have something green there year-round. Some of the shorter varieties of hollies would work, and hollies come with many different leaf shapes from the very small leaves of yaupon hollies to the larger leaves of other forms of holly. If you don't want evergreen shrubs on the west side of the house, you could plant daylilies, lantana, gomprena (aka globe amaranth), zinnias, cosmos and some perennial members of the salvia family. All of these do well in well-amended, well-draining soil and only need moderate amounts of water in summer as long as they are well mulched. Or, you could plant ground cover type plants that thrive in full sun. Purple wintercreeper is a lovely greenish groundcover that is low maintenance. We just cut ours back to the ground with the string trimmer once or twice a year. It turns purplish-green in the cold season. Its flowers are not very obvious but then they give you lovely little berries. Hollies, by the way, are one of my favorite plants for clay soil because once they are established many of them are really drought-tolerant as well as heat-tolerant. If you like crape myrtles they are very heat-tolerant and come in all sorts of sizes, from more tree-like forms that can attain 20-40' Crape Myrtle Trails--Varietiesin height to weeping forms only a couple of feet tall. Be sure to purchase named crape myrtles varieties so you can Google those varieties before you buy to ensure you're getting the right size for your area. Sometimes the ones sold at places like Wal-Mart don't give a variety name on the tag, so you have no idea what you're getting. There's nothing worse than planting a big variety of crape myrtle in an area that is only appropriate for a small to medium sized one because you'll spend tons of time trying to prune back the big one to keep it small enough. Depending on the color you ultimately choose to paint your brick, you might like some of the Black Diamond series of crape myrtles with their purplish-black foliage. They would look striking against a lighter colored wall and they don't get too large. To give you an idea of the many kinds of crape myrtles available, I'm going to link the page of the Crape Myrtle Trails of McKinney, TX, which is my favorite website for Crape Myrtle information. I haven't tried Rose of Sharon on the west side of the house, but it probably would be alright. I have several kinds of hardy hibiscus in the border around our large veggie garden and they are both heat tolerant and drought tolerant. They are growing in heavily amended clay in raised beds, but there's a couple of smaller ones at the lower north end of our heavily sloping garden and they are equally heat and drought tolerant, growing at grade level in soil only lightly amended. Another perennial flower (often considered a reseeding annual, but perennial in my garden) that doesn't mind the west side of a building is tall verbena, Verbena bonariensis. It is one of the most heat-tolerant and drought-tolerant plants I've ever grown and is a real butterfly magnet. I use lots of autumn sage (Salvia greggii) plants as they tolerate heat and plentiful sunshine. They are perennials and are semi-evergreen. Sometimes they bloom on and off throughout the winter here in zone 7b. I just shear them back pretty hard right before new growth begins in early Spring to keep them more compact and more manageable. There's tons of options for the west side of a house. Just avoid things like hydrangeas that must have afternoon shade in our climate and avoid plants that need perfect drainage. Good luck, and if you have more questions, I hope you'll ask them. Also, watch for the Master Gardener's plant sale in your county, which has a very active MG group that puts on a great plant sale in the Spring. This year's plant sale is May 11th. More info about it can be found on the website linked below. Pottawatomie County Extension Service Webpage The Master Gardeners have a display garden at the ag extension building and you might visit it to get some ideas. Dawn

What can I plant that is deer resistant? This list of deer resistant plants was compiled from Gardenweb postings and other sources. As you can see from the follow-up postings at the bottom of the list, RESISTANT is the key word. Deer can be quite the gourmets and yours may still be partial to some of the plants on this list. Deer that are hungry enough will eat everything bare from the ground up into the trees as high as they can reach. Many of the plants on this list are poisonous or medicinal. If a plant smells bad to you when you crush the leaf or stem, it probably smells just as bad to the deer. (P.S. Don't forget that rabbits, squirrels, groundhogs and other animals might be just as destructive as deer in your garden.) ANNUALS A Agastache foeniculum -- Anise Hyssop A Ageratum houstonianum -- Blue Floss Flower A Alternanthera ficoidea -- Josephs Coat A Angelonia angustifolia -- Angelonia A Antirrhinum majus -- Snapdragon A Asperula orientalis -- Annual Woodruff A Bidens ferulifolia -- Bidens A Brachycome iberidifolia -- Swan River Daisy A Calendula sp. -- Pot Marigold A Calibrachoa Hybrid -- Million Bells A Capsicum annuum -- Ornamental pepper A Catharanthus roseus -- Madagascar Vinca A Clarkia hybridus -- Four O'Clocks A Cleome hasslerana -- Spider Flower A Cleome serrulata - Bee plant A Coleus - A Coreopsis sp. -- Coreopsis A Cosmos bipinnatus -- Cosmos A Delphinium ajacis - Larkspur (annual Delphinium) A Felicia echinata -- Blue Marguerite A Gomphrena globosa -- Globe Amaranth A Gypsophila repens -- Baby's Breath A Helianthus annuus -- Common Sunflower A Helichrysum bracteatum -- Straw Flower A Hunnemania fumariifolia -- Mexican Tulip Poppy A Hypoestes phyllostachya -- Polka-Dot Plant A Impatiens balsama -- Balsam impatien A Ipomoea sp. -- Morning Glory A Lobularia maritima -- Sweet Alyssum A Matthiola incana -- Stock A Melampodium paludosum -- Butter Daisy A Nemesia strumosa -- Carnival Flower A Nicotiana alata -- Tobacco Flower A Nigella damascena -- Love-In-A-Mist A Oxypetalum caeruleum -- Southern Star A Papaver nudicaule -- Iceland Poppy A Papaver Rhoeas -- Corn Poppy A Papaver somniferum -- Opium Poppy A Phlox drummondii -- Annual Phlox A Polygonum capitatum -- Pinkhead Knotweed A Ricinus communis -- Castor Bean A Ruellia brittoniana A Ruellia nudiflora -- Wild Petunia A Senecio cineraria -- Dusty Miller A Tagetes erecta -- African Marigold A Tagetes lemmonii -- Copper Canyon Daisy A Tagetes lucida - Mexican Marigold A Tagetes patula -- French Marigold A Tagetes signata -- Signet Marigold A Tithonia diversifolia -- Mexican sunflower A Verbena bonariensis -- Verbena A Verbena rigida -- Verbena Vervain A Vinca rosea -- Madagascar periwinkle A Xeranthemum annuum -- Immortelle A Zinnia acerosa -- Native Zinnia A Zinnia angustifolia -- Star Zinnia A Zinnia grandiflora A Zinnia haageana -- Mexican Zinnia A Zinnia linearis -- Narrowleaf Zinnia BIENNIALS - may sometimes perennialize or reseed B Alcea rosea -- Hollyhock B Daucus carota - Queen Anne's Lace B Digitalis purpurea -- Foxglove B Digitalis sp. -- Perennial Foxglove B Myosotis sylvatica -- Forget-Me-Not FERNS F Adiantum pedatum -- Maiden Hair Fern F Cyrtomium falicatum -- Holly Fern F Dryopteris sp. -- Wood Fern F Matteuccia pennsylvanica -- Ostrich Fern F Woodwardia sp. -- Chain Fern GRASSES - perennial and annual G Acorus calamus -- Gardener's Grass G Andropogon gerardi -- Big Bluestem Grass G Bouteloua curtipendula -- Sideoats Grama Grass G Chasmanthium latifolium -- Inland Seaoats Grass G Festuca ovina 'glauca' -- Blue Fescue Grass G Lipidium montanum -- Western Peppergrass G Miscanthus sp. -- Ornamental Grass G Pennisetum orientale -- Fountain Grass G Pennisetum sp. -- Annual Fountain Grass G Schizachryium scoparium -- Little Bluestem Grass G Stipa tenuissima -- Feathergrass HERB - Annual HA Basil HA Borago officinalis -- Borage HA Chamomile HA Origanum spp. -- Marjoram HA Perilla frutescens -- Beefsteak Plant HERB - Perennial HP Allium schoenoprasum -- Chives HP Artemisia spp. -- Wormwood (or Sage) HP Cichorium intybus - Chicory HP Lavandula spp. -- Lavender HP Mentha spp. - Spearmints, peppermints, etc HP Nepeta spp. -- Catmint HP Rosmarinus officinalis -- Rosemary HP Santolina chamaecyparissus -- Silver Santolina HP Santolina virens -- Green Santolina HP Satureia spp. -- Savory HP Tanacetum vulgare -- Tansy HP Teucrium spp. -- Germander HP Thymus spp. -- Thyme PERENNIALS P Achillea filipendulina -- Fernleaf Yarrow P Achillea millefolium -- Common Yarrow P Aconitum sp. -- Monkshood P Ageratum sp. -- Perennial Ageraturm P Ajuga reptans -- Bugleweed P Alchemilla sp. -- Lady's Mantle P Allium sp. -- Flowering Onion P Alyssum saxatile -- Golden Alyssum P Amsonia illustris -- Showy Blue Star P Amsonia tabernaemontana -- Willow Amsonia P Anagallis monellii -- Pimpernel P Anaphalis triplinervis -- Pearly Everlasting P Anemone sp. -- Windflower P Anthemis tinctoria - Golden Marguerite P Apocynum androsaemilolium -- Dogbane P Aqueligia spp. -- Columbine P Arabis spp. -- Rock Cress P Argemone texana -- White Prickly Poppy P Arisaema spp. -- Jack-in-the-pulpit P Armeria maritima -- Sea Thrift P Artemisia ludoviciana -- White Sage P Asarum canadense -- Native ginger P Asarum europaeum -- European Wild Ginger P Aster spp. P Astilbe spp. P Aubretia sp. -- False Rockcress P Baptisia spp. -- False Indigo P Bergenia sp. -- Pigsqueak P Boltonia P Caltha palustris P Camassia spp. -- Quamash P Campanula carpatica -- Harebell P Campanula media -- Canterbury Bells P Centaurea spp. -- Knapweed P Centranthus ruber -- Jupiter's beard P Cerastium tomentosum -- Snow-In-Summer P Cheiranthus chieranthoides -- Wallflower P Chelidnium majus -- Celandine Poppy P Chelone spp. -- Turtlehead P Chrysanthemum P Chrysanthemum leucanthemum -- Ox-eye Daisy P Cimicifuga spp. -- Bugbane, Cohosh P Clematis recta -- Shrub clematis P Colchicum autumnale -- Autumn Crocus P Convallaria majus -- Lily-Of-The-Valley P Corydalis lutea -- Gold Bleeding Heart P Cynoglossum amabile -- Chinese Forget-Me-Not P Cynoglossum nervosum -- Houndstongue P Delphinium spp. -- Delphinium P Dianthus spp. -- Pinks P Dicentra spp. -- Bleeding Heart P Dictamnus albus -- White Gas Plant P Echinacea spp. - Cone Flowers P Echinops ritro -- Globe Thistle P Epimedium sp. -- Bishop's Hat P Equisetum arvense -- Horsetail P Eranthis hyemalis -- Winter Aconite P Erigeron modestus -- Plains Fleabane P Eupatorium coelestinum -- Mistflower P Eupatorium perforlifum -- Joe-Pye-Weed P Euphorbia marginata -- Snow-On-The-Mountain P Euphorbia spp. -- Spurge P Excium vulgare L. -- Viper's Bugloss P Filapendula spp. -- Meadowsweet P Fritillaria spp. -- Fritillary P Gaillardia pulchella -- Blanket Flower P Galanthus nivalis -- Common Snowdrop P Gaura lindheimeri P Geranium spp. -- Hardy Geraniums P Helenium sp. -- Helen's flower P Helianthus angustifolius -- Swamp Sunflower P Helleborus sp. -- Hellebore P Hepatica sp. -- P Heuchera sp. -- Coral Bells P Heucherella x (Heuchera x Tiarella) P Hyacinthoides sp. -- Spanish Bluebell and English Bluebell P Hyacithus orientalis -- Hyacinth P Hypericum sp. -- St. John's Wort P Inula helenium -- Elecampane P Iris sibirica,ensata -- Iris Japanese,Siberian, possibly beardeds P Lamium maculatum -- Deadnettle P Leucanthemum sp. -- Shasta daisy P Liatris sp. -- Gayfeather P Limonium latifolium -- Sea Lavender P Limonium sinuatum -- Statice P Linaria macroccana -- Toad Flax P Linum -- Flax P Linum sulcatum -- Yellow Prairie Flax P Liriope P Lobelia cardinalis - Red Cardinal Flower P Lobelia erinus -- Lobelia P Lobelia siphilitica - Blue Cardinal Flower P Lupinus sp. -- Lupine, Texas Bluebonnet P Lychnis chalcedonica -- Maltese cross P Lychnis sp. -- Rose Campion P Lycoris sp. -- Resurrection lily or Naked Lady P Macleaya cordata -- Plume Poppy P Melampodium leucanthum -- Blackfoot Daisy P Mertensia virginiana - Virginia bluebells P Mirabilis jalapa -- Four-o-clock or Marvel-of-Peru P Monarda sp. -- Bee Balm P Muscari sp. -- Grape Hyacinth P Narcissus sp. -- Narcissus & Daffodils P Oenothera sp. -- Evening Primrose P Ophiopogon japonica - Mondo Grass P Pachysandra sp. P Paeonia sp. -- Peony P Papaver orientale -- Oriental Poppy P Penstemon sp. -- Penstemon P Penstemon x gloxinoides -- Hybrid Penstemon P Perovskia atriplicifolia -- Russian Sage P Phlomis spp. P Phlox Paniculata -- Garden phlox P Physostegia virginiana -- Obedient Plant P Platycodon grandiflorus -- Balloon Flower P Polomium sp -- Jacobs Ladder P Polygonatum sp. -- Solomon's Seal P Potentilla fruticosa -- Bush Cinquefoil P Potentilla sp. P Pulmonaria sp. -- Lungwort P Pulsatilla vulgaris -- Pasque Flower P Ranunculus sp. -- Buttercups P Rudbeckia lacinata -- Goldenglow P Rudbeckia sp. -- Black-eyed Susan P Saponaria ocymoides -- Rock Soapwort P Saponaria officinalis -- Bouncing Bet P Scabiosa P Scutellaria seleniana -- Skullcap P Scutellaria suffrutescens -- Pink skullcap P Sedum kamtschaticum -- Yellow Stonecrop P Sempervivum sp. Hen and chickens (spiny varieties) P Sidalcea P Silene armeria P Solidago sp. -- Goldenrod P Stachys byzantina -- Lamb's Ear P Stachys coccinea -- Texas Betony P Symphytum spp. - Comfrey P Tiarella sp. -- P Trandescantia sp. -- P Tricyrtis sp. -- Toad Lily P Trillium sp. -- Trillium P Verbascum thapsus -- Common Mullein P Vinca minor -- Periwinkle P Viola sp -- some perennial violets, not pansies P Yucca sp. -- Yucca TENDER PERENNIALS -- act as annuals in zones 7,6,5, but can be overwintered indoors. Usually sold as annuals. TP Agapanthus spp. -- Lily of the Nile TP Agastache cana -- Perennial Agastache TP Agave leuchugilla -- Agave TP Agave scabra -- Century Plant TP Asparagus springerii -- Asparagus fern TP Begonia x semperflorens -- Wax Begonia TP Begonia x tuberhybrida -- Tuber Begonia TP Brugmansia spp. TP Brugmansia versicolor -- Angels Trumpet TP Caesalpinia gilliesii -- Bird of Paradise TP Dahlia sp. -- Dahlia TP Datura innoxia TP Datura meteloides -- Downy Thorn Apple TP Datura metheioldes TP Datura quercifolia TP Datura wrightii TP Hesperaloe paviflora -- Red Yucca TP Lantana camara -- Lantana TP Lantana montevidensis -- Weeping Lantana TP Osteospermum sp. -- African daisy TP Pelargonium sp. -- Geranium TP Pentas lanceolata -- Egyptian Star Cluster TP Plumbago auriculata -- Cape Plumbago TP Salvia azurea v.pitcheriii -- Pitcher Sage TP Salvia ballotaeflora -- Blue Shrub Sage TP Salvia chamaedryoides -- Gray Shrub Sage TP Salvia coccinea -- Flowering Sage TP Salvia discolor -- Silver Peruvian Sage TP Salvia farinacea -- Mealycup Sage TP Salvia greggii -- Autumn Sage TP Salvia guaranitica -- Bog Sage TP Salvia leucanthia -- Mexican Bush Sage TP Salvia lycioides -- Canyon Sage TP Salvia lyrata -- Lyre-leaf Sage TP Salvia patens -- Gentian Sage TP Salvia regla -- Mountain Sage TP Salvia roemeriana -- Cedar Sage TP Salvia sp. -- Perennial Salvia and Sages TP Salvia splendens -- Scarlet Sage TP Salvia uliginosa -- Bog Sage TP Salvia viridis -- Joseph Sage TP Zantedeschia aethiopica -- Calla Lily SHRUBS S Abelia x grandiflora -- Glossy Abelia S Amelanchier sp. -- Serviceberry S Amorpha fruticosa -- Indigobush S Arctostaphylos uva-ursi -- Bearberry S Berberis vulgaris -- Common Barberry (Caution: Invasive.) S Buddleia sp. -- Butterfly-Bush S Buxus sempervirens -- Common Boxwood S Callicarpa americana -- American Beautybush S Callicarpa japonica -- Japanese Beautyberry S Calluna sp. -- Heather S Calluna vulgaris -- Scotch Heather S Caryopteris sp. -- Blue Mist Caryopteris S Cephalanthus occidentalis -- Buttonbush S Chaenomeles sp. -- Flowering Quince S Clethra sp. -- Sweet Pepperbush S Cotoneaster apiculatus -- Cranberry Cotoneaster S Cotoneaster glaucophyllus S Cotoneaster horizontalis -- Rockspray Cotoneaster S Cotoneaster sp. -- Cotoneaster S Crataegus laevigata -- English Hawthorn S Crataegus sp. -- Hawthorn S Cytisus scoparius - Broom S Daphne x burkwoodi -- Daphne S Deutzia gracilis -- Slender Deutzia S Deutzia scabra -- Fuzzy Deutzia S Enkianthus campanulatus -- Redvein Enkianthus S Erica sp. -- Heather S Euonymus alatus -- Burning Bush S Ficus caria -- Common Fig S Forsythia sp. -- Forsythia S Hibiscus syriacus -- Rose of Sharon S Itea virginica -- Virginia Sweetspire S Kalmia latifolia -- Mountain Laurel S Kerria japonica -- Japanese Kerria S Kochia scoparia -- Burning Bush S Kolkwitzia amabilis -- Beautybush S Larrea tridentata -- Creosote Bush S Leucothoe fontanesiana -- Drooping Leucothoe S Ligustrum amurense -- Amur Privet S Ligustrum vulgare -- Privet S Lindera benzoin -- Spicebush S Mahonia aquifolium -- Oregon Grapeholly S Mahonia sp. -- Mahonia S Myrica sp. -- Bayberry S Nandina sp. S Pieris japonica -- Japanese Andromeda S Prunus caroliniana -- American Cherry Laurel S Pyracantha coccinea -- Scarlet Firethorn S Rhus aromatica -- Aromatic Sumac S Rhus virens -- Evergreen Sumac S Rosa spinosissima -- Scotch Rose S Sambacus canadensis -- Elderberry S Spiraea prunifolia -- Bridalwreath Spirea S Spiraea sp. -- Spirea S Spiraea x bumalda -- Bumald Spirea S Syringa sp. -- Lilac S Viburnum sp. TREES T Abies procera -- Noble Fir T Acer saccharinum -- Silver Maple T Aesculus arguta -- White Buckeye T Aesculus hippocastanum -- Horsechestnut T Aesculus pavia -- Red Buckeye T Asimina triloba -- Pawpaw T Betula lenta -- Sweet Birch T Betula papyrifera -- Paperbark Birch T Betula pendula -- European White Birch T Cercis canadensis -- Eastern Redbud T Chamaecyparis sp. -- False Cypress T Cornus kousa -- Kousa Dogwood T Cornus sericea -- Red-twig Dogwood T Cotinus coggygria -- Smoke Tree T Cotinus obovatus -- Smoke Tree T Cryptomeria japonica -- Japanese Cedar T Fagus sylvatica asplenifolia -- European Cutleaf Beech T Fagus sylvatica atropunicea -- European Copper Beech T Fagus sylvatica pendula -- European Weeping Beech T Fraxinus pennsylvanica -- Green Ash T Ginkgo biloba -- Maidenhair Tree T Ilex decidua -- Possum Haw T Ilex sp. -- Holly T Ilex vomitoria -- Yaupon Holly T Juniperus spp. T Juniperus virginiana -- Eastern Red Cedar T Koelreuteria paniculata -- Panicled Goldenraintree T Lagerstroemia sp. -- Crape Myrtle T Liquidambar styraciflua -- Sweetgum T Magnolia grandiflora T Malus spp. T Melia azedarach -- Chinaberry Tree T Metasequoia glyptostroboides -- Dawn Redwood T Picea abies -- Norway Spruce T Picea abies nidiformis -- Birds Nest Spruce T Picea glauca -- White Spruce T Picea pungens glauca -- Colorado Blue Spruce T Pinus elderica -- Afghan pine T Pinus nigra -- Austrian Pine T Pinus resinosa -- Red Pine T Pinus rigida -- Pitch Pine T Pinus strobus -- Eastern White Pine T Pinus sylvestris -- Scots Pine T Pistacia texenanus -- Texas Pistachio T Prunus persica -- Peach T Prunus spp. T Pyrus calleryana bradfordii -- Bradford Pear T Pyrus communis -- Common Pear T Quercus prinus -- Chestnut Oak T Quercus rubra -- Red Oak T Robinia hispida -- Rose acacia T Sassafras albidum -- Common Sassafras T Sciadopitys verticillata -- Umbrella Pine T Tamarix ramosissima -- Tamarisk T Taxodium distichum -- Bald Cypress T Tilia cordata -- Littleleaf Linden T Truja spp. -- Cedar T Vitex negundo -- Chastetree T Zelkova serrata -- Japanese Zelkova VINES V Bignonia capreolata -- Cross vine V Campsis radicans -- Trumpet Creeper V Clematis sp. V Ficus pumila -- Fig vine V Gelsemimum sempervirens -- Carolina Jasmine V Hydrangea anomala petiolaris -- Climbing Hydrangea V Lonicera semipervirens -- Trumpet Honeysuckle V Parthenocissus quinquefolia -- Virginia Creeper V Parthenocissus tricuspidata -- Boston Ivy V Wisteria floribunda -- Japanese Wisteria V Wisteria macrostachya UNKNOWNS These are plants from a list that was compiled for Texas. Many of these plants are unfamiliar to the Author -- any information about them appreciated. ? Actae pachpoda spp -- Baneberry ? Adonis annua -- Pheasant's Eye ? Allamanda cathartica ? Anisacanthus wrightii ? Anisodontea ? Antigonon leptopus ? Argemone mexicana -- Yellow Prickly Poppy ? Argemone sanguinea -- Rose Prickly Poppy ? Argyranthemum frutescens -- Butterfly daisy ? Aristida purpurea ? Asclepias asperula ? Asclepias linaria -- Pineleaf Milkweed ? Asclepias sublata ? Asclepias tuberosa -- Butterfly Weed ? Asclepias virdii -- Green Milkweed ? Baccharis halimifilia ? Baileya multiradiata -- Desert Marigold ? Berberis swaseyi -- Texas Barberry ? Bervberus trifoliolata ? Bucharest sarothroides ? Buchloe dactyliodes -- Buffalo Grass ? Calamagrostis x acutiflora -- Reed Grass ? Carduus nutans -- Nodding Thistle ? Carduus texanum -- Texas Thistle ? Cassia corymbosa - Common Tree Senna ? Cassia lindheimeriana -- Lindheimer Senna ? Cassia roemeriana - Two Leaved Senna ? Centaurea melitensis - Tocalote Thistle ? Centaurea texanum - Texas Thistle ? Centaurium beyrichii - Mountain Pink ? Cestrum nocturnum -- Night Blooming Jasmine ? Chrysanthemum mexicana ? Cirsium japonicum -- Sea Thistle ? Cladrastis kentukea -- Yellowwood ? Comptonia peregrina -- Sweet Fern ? Cooperia drummondii -- Rain Lily ? Cooperia pedunculata - Rain Lily ? Corydalis sempervirens ? Dalea frutescens -- Black Dalea ? Dalea greggii -- Gregg Dalea ? Dasylirion texanum ? Descuraninia pinnata ? Dyschoriste linearis ? Dyssodia pentachaeta ? Dyssodia setifolia v radiata ? Emilia javanica -- Tassel Flower ? Ericameria laricifolia ? Erthrina herbacea ? Erygium heterophyllum - Mexican Thistle ? Eryngium leavenworthii -- Eryngo ? Escholzia californica -- California poppy ? Eupatorium rugosum -- White Snakeroot ? Eupatorium wrightii -- White Mistflower ? Euphorbia antisyphilitica ? Euphorbia bicolor -- Snow-on-the-Prairie ? Europs spp. ? Eustoma grandiflora -- Lisianthius ? Evolvulus glomeratus -- Evolvulus ? Eysenhardtia texana -- Texas Kidneywood ? Flourensia cernua -- Tarbush ? Gloriosa supurba L. -- Gloriosa Lily ? Grindelia lanceolata ? Gutierezia sarothrea ? Habranthus texanus -- Copper Rain Lily ? Helenium amarum -- Bitterweed ? Helianthus maximilliani -- Maximilian's Sunflower ? Heterotheca latifolia -- Golden Aster ? Hymenoxys scaposa ? Iscoma wrightii ? Jasminum mesyni ? Jatropha cardiophylla ? Jatropha cuneata ? Jatropha dioica ? Lavatera trimestris -- Tree Mallow ? Leucophyllum frutescens ? Lithospermum incisum -- Fringed Puccoon ? Lycium andersonii ? Lycium berlandieri ? Lycium fremontii ? Lycium halimfolium ? Machaeranthera phyllocephala -- Camphor Daisy ? Machaeranthera tanaceifolia -- Tahoka Daisy ? Malvaviscus drummondii ? Merremia aurea -- Yellow Morning Glory ? Moluccella laevia -- Bells of Ireland ? Muhlenbergia capillaris ? Muhlenbergia dubia ? Muhlenbergia dubiodes ? Muhlenbergia lindheimeri ? Muhlenbergia rigens ? Nephrolepis -- Sword fern ? Nierembergia hippomanica -- Cup Flower ? Nyctagina capitata ? Oxytropis lambertii ? Palafoxia hookeriana ? Parkinsonia aculeata ? Parrotia persica -- Persian Parrotia ? Pectis angustifolia ? Perezia runcinata ? Perezia wrightii ? Phyla nodiflora v. incisa ? Physalis spp. -- Ground Cherry ? Physostegia intermedia ? Picradeniopsis spp. ? Pluchea camphorata -- Camphor Weed ? Pluchea purpurascens -- Marsh Fleabane ? Polaniaia uniglandulosa ? Poliomintha longifolia -- Mexican Oregano ? Polytaenia nuttallii ? Prionopsis ciliata ? Prospis glandulosa ? Psilostrophe tagetina ? Psoralea tenuiflora ? Pteridium auilinum ? Pteridium sp. -- Bracken ? Quincula lobata ? Sanvitalia procumbens -- Creeping Zinnia ? Sapindus drummondii -- Soapberry ? Senecio ampullaaceus -- Texas Squaw Weed ? Senecio jacobea -- Tansy Ragwort ? Senecio leucostachys -- Dusty Miller ? Silphium albifloum -- Rosin Weed ? Silphium simpsonii v.wrightii ? Solandra guttata ? Solandra spp. ? Solanum elaeanifolium -- Silver-leaved Nightshade ? Solanum jasminoides -- Potato Vine ? Solanum speudocapsicum -- Jerusalem Cherry ? Sophora secundiflora -- Texas Mountain Laurel ? Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides) ? Stephanandra incisa -- Cutleaf Stephanandra ? Stewartia pseudocamellia -- Japanese Stewartia ? Symphoricarpos albus ? Symphoricarpos albus -- Common Snowberry ? Tecoma stans ? Tephorosia lindheimerie ? Thalictrum dasycarpum ? Thelesperma filifolium ? Thymophylla tenuiloba -- Dahlberg Daisy ? Ungnadia speciosa -- Mexican Buckeye ? Veratrum viride ? Verbena bipinnatifida -- Prairie Verbena ? Verbena peruviana -- Peruvian verbena ? Verbena sp, -- Verbena ? Verbena tenuisecta -- Moss verbena ? Verbesina enceliodies ? Verbesina virginia ? Vernonia baldwinii -- Western Ironweed ? Vernonia lindheimeri -- Woolly Ironweed ? Veronica incana -- Woody Veronica ? Viburnum rufidulum -- Rusty Blackhaw ? Viguiera denata ? Wedelia texana ? Xanthocephalum dracunculiodes ? Zexmania hispida Follow-Up Postings: *Posted by: LynnT Z6A MD (My Page) on Mon, May 13, 02 at 8:59 Great list! I was all ready to quibble and say that I thought Four-O'clocks were Mirabilis, not Clarkia, when I saw you'd got Mirabilis listed as Four-oclocks under annuals. The joy of common names! Have you ever grown clarkia? I understand they do OK here and are really attractive in part-shade. I can tell you from personal experience that deer do eat chelone when the hosta are all gone/protected. *Posted by: Periwinkles z6MD (My Page) on Fri, May 24, 02 at 11:25 The deer here love my Burning Bushes - Euonymous Alatus and also my Oakleaf Hydrangeas. They also eat the white pines, hostas, and even a Yew I thought was deer-proof! * Posted by: mtngirl z6VA (My Page) on Fri, May 24, 02 at 20:30 The deer eat our burning bushes, too. They also devoured a barberry, and hostas are out of the question. One day last winter we looked out our window and saw a doe eating birdseed out of one of our bird feeders! I think if they get hungry enough they will eat just about anything. * Posted by: Madgardenr z7WDC (My Page) on Fri, May 24, 02 at 21:56 I think it's right that if deer are hungry enough, they will eat anything. What's tasty is apparently a regional issue, also, so you might try checking your local (in my case, Maryland Cooperative Extension's Web site) extension service for a list of plants that are "deer candy" or avoided by deer in your area. I've had them nibble on Japanese white spiraea (Spiraea albiflora) and the usual tulip and hosta foliage. But recently I've had good experience with treating susceptible plants with Repellex (not ground-toxic, just tastes and smells repulsive) tablets and spray. * Posted by: dadahlia 5 PA (My Page) on Sun, May 26, 02 at 4:46 They have never touched my canna. * Posted by: hannah Z6 PA (My Page) on Sun, May 26, 02 at 11:16 Thanks for the list but, I beg to differ with Siberian & Japanese Iris being deer resistant...the little buggers walk right up to my front beds and systematically chomp off each bloom...nubs is what i'm left with...have to leave front flood lights on and that makes for a rough night's sleep, considering i don't like curtains. ..LOL * Posted by: dadahlia 5 PA (My Page) on Mon, May 27, 02 at 1:51 I have counted as many as twenty deer out there and they have never touched any of the iris or lilies. They prefer my neighbors grass. She has it professionally taken care of every week. I wish she would stop. Our yards are attached and they wander up this way frequently. Never touched my TB, siberian or lilies. * Posted by: Elaine8 PNW-Zone 8-Wa (My Page) on Mon, May 27, 02 at 5:59 In Washington State, the Deer love Heuchera (Any kind). Wouldn't it be the same in other areas? * Posted by: razmataz z7 VA (My Page) on Sun, Aug 11, 02 at 22:12 What a find! Thank you so much. Moved from California to Virginia last year, so much to learn! Deer are different in different areas. For example mule deer in CA usually won't touch impatiens, but white tail in VA LOVE it. All of them will resort to anything in a drought years. * Posted by: whinny z7 NJ (My Page) on Tue, Aug 13, 02 at 19:40 I noticed that the young deer will try just about anything, so while they may not like it, they may destroy a valued plant while sampling it. I spent a lot of money to fence in my back yard. The only sure way. (I hope) Also, they won't eat my iris, but they eat certain daylilies, but not others.

The list below are plants that have all been found growing and thriving in the wild of the most coldest gardening regions. Many have hybrids that have been bred from them...these hybrids generally will be able to also grow in the same plant zones and survive the same long and bitter winters. Please do research them if you're unsure of their hardiness in your particular zone or region, and as always, with any seeds that you're unsure can be Winter Sown in your region save some seeds to start indoors. Good luck to all! Trudi ============== Abronia fragrans - sand verbena Acer grandidentatum - canyon maple Acer negundo - box elder Acer pensylvanicum - striped maple Acer rubrum - red maple Acer saccharinum - silver maple Acer saccharun - sugar maple Aconitum columbianum - Columbian monkshood Aconitum delphiniiflium - northern monkshood Actaea pachypoda - white baneberry Actaea racemosa var. racemosa - black cohosh Actea rubra - red baneberry Ageratina altissima var. altissima - white snakeroot Aletris farinosa - white colic root Allium canadense - meadow garlic Allium cernuum - nodding onion Allium stellatum - prairie onion Allium tricoccum - wild leek Alnus serrulata - brookside elder Alnus viridis ssp. crispa - green alder, Sitka alder Amelanchier alnifolia - Saskatoon serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis - Canadian serviceberry Amelanchier laevis - Allegheny service-berry Amorpha fruticosa - false indigo-bush Anaphalis margaritacea - pearly everlasting Andromeda polifolia - bog-rosemary Andropogon gerardii - big bluestem Anemone canadensis - Canadian anemone Anemone cylindrica - long-head thimbleweed Anemone mutifida - Pacific anemone Anemone quinquefolia - wood anemone Anemone narcissiflora - narcissus-flowered anemone Anemone virginiana - tall anemone Antennaria ssp. - pussytoes Apocynum androsaemifolium - spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum - Indian hemp Aquilegia canadensis - red columbine Aquilegia formosa - scarlet columbine Aquilegia jonesii - blue limestone columbine Aralia nudicaulis - wild sarsparilla Aralia racemosa - American spikenard Arctostaphylos alpina - black bearberry Arctostaphylos patula - green-leaf manzanita Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - red bearberry Arisaema draconitum - green dragon Arisaema triphyllum - jack-in-the-pulpit Armeria maritima - sea thrift Arnica alpina - alpine arnica Arnica cordifolia - heartleaf arnica Arnica latifolia - mountain arnica Artemesia frigida - prairie sagebrush Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris - sylvan goatsbeard Asarum canadense - Canadian wild ginger Asarum caudatum - long-tail wild ginger Asclepias incarnata - swamp milkweed Asclepias speciosa - showy milkweed Asclepias sullivantii - prairie milkweed Asclepias tuberosa - butterfly milkweed Asclepias verticillata - whorled milkweed Asimina triloba - common pawpaw Astragalus canadensis - Canadian milk-vetch Astriplex canascens - four-wing saltbrush Baptisia alba - white wild indigo Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea - plains wild indigo Balsamorrhiza sagittata - arrow-leaf balsamroot Betula nigra - river birch Betula papyrifera - paper birch Betula populifolia - gray birch Blephilia ciliata - downy pagoda-plant Bouteloua curtipendula - side-oats grama Bouteloua gracillis - blue grama Bouteloua hirsuta - hairy grama Bromus kalmi - prairie brome Buchloe dactyloides - buffalo grass Calla palustris - water arum Calochortus macrocarpus - sagebrush mariposa-lily Calochortus nuttali - mariposa-lily Caltha leptosepula - white marsh-marigold Caltha palustris - yellow marsh-marigold Caltha palustris var. palustris - marsh-marigold Calylophus serrulatus - yellow evening primrose Camassia quamash - common camas Camassia scillioides - Atlantic camas Campanula rotundifolia - bluebell-of-Scotland Campanula scouleri - pale bellflower Campanulastrum americanum - American bellflower Cardamine concatenata - cut-leaf toothwort Cardamine diphylla - two-leaved toothwort Carex stipata - stalk-grain sedge Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Carya alba - mockernut hickory Carya ovata - shag-bark hickory Castilleja applegatei ssp. martini - desert paintbrush Castilleja caudata - pale Indian paintbrush Castilleja coccinea - scarlet Indian paintbrush Castilleja linariifolia - wyoming Indian paintbrush Castilleja miniata - great red Indian paintbrush Castilleja parviflora - mountain Indian paintbrush Castilleja rhexiifloia - rosy Indian paintbrush Castilleja sessiliflora - great plains Indian paintbrush Caulophyllum thalictroides - blue cohosh Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Ceanothus herbaceus - prairie redroot Ceanothus velutinus - mountain balm Celtis occidentalis - common hackberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - common buttonbush Cercis canadensis - redbud Cercocarpus montanus - mountain mahogany Chamaecrista fasciculata - partridge pea Chamaecrista nicitans - sensitive pea Chamerion angusitfolium ssp. angustifolium - willow herb Chamerion latifolium - dwarf fireweed Chelone glabra - white turtlehead Claytonia caroliniana - Carolina springbeauty Claytonia lanceolata - lance-leaf springbeauty Claytonia virginica - springbeauty Clematis columbiana - purple virgin's bower Clematis hirsutissima - leather flower Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis - purple clematis Clematis virginiana - virgin's bower Cleome lutea - yellow spider-flower Cleome serrulata - rocky mountain beeplant Clethra alnifolia - coastal sweet-pepperbush Clintonia borealis - yellow bluebead lily Clintonia uniflora - bride's bonnet Collinsia canadensis - citronella horsebalm Collomia linearis - narrow-leaf mountain trumpet Commelina erecta - white-mouth dayflower Comptonia peregrina - sweet fern Coptis trifolia - three-leaf goldthread Coreopsis lanceolata - lance-leaved coreopsis Coreopsis palmata - stiff coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria - plains coreopsis Cornus alternifolia - alternate-leaf dogwood Cornus canadensis - Canadian bunchberry Cornus florida - flowering dogwood Cornus racemosa - gray dogwood Cornus sericea - red-twig dogwood Corydalis sempervirens - pale corydalis Crataegus mollis - downy hawthorn Crataegus sericea - hawthorn Dalea candida var. candida - white prarie-clover Dalea purpurea var. purpurea - purple prairie-clover Dasiphora fruiticosa ssp. floribunda - golden hardhack Decodon verticillatus - swamp loosestrife Delphinium bicolo - little larkspur Delphinium carolianum ssp. virescens - prairie larkspur Delphinium glaucum - tower larkspur Delphinium nuttallianu - two-lobe larkspur Desmanthus illnoensis - prairie bundle-flower Desmodium canadense - showy tick-trefoil Desmodium illinoense - Illinoise tick-trefoil Dicentra canadensis - squirrel corn Dicentra cucullaria - dutchman's-breeches Dodecathon amethystinum - amethyst shooting star Dodecathon meadia - shooting star Dodecatheon jeffreyi - Jeffrey's shootingstar Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata - flat-top aster Dryas drummondi i- yellow mountain avens Dryas octopetala - white mountain avens Dyssodia spp. - dyssodia Echinacea angustifolia - narrow-leaved purple coneflower Elaeagnus commutata - wolf willow Elymus canadensis - Canadian wild rye Empetrum nigrum - black crowberry Epigaea repens - trailing arbutus Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa - rabbitbrush Erigeron compositus - alpine daisy Erigeron divergens - spreading fleabane Erigeron peregrinus - coastal fleabane Erigeron pulchellus - robin's plantain Erigeron speciosus - aspen fleabane Erigionum umbellatum - sulfur-flowered wild buckwheat Eriophyllum linatum - Oregon sunshine Eryngium yuccifolium - button snakeroot Erysimum capitatum - prairie rocket Erythronium albidum var. albidum - white trout lily Erythronium americanum - American trout lily Erythronium grandiflorum - dogtooth violet Eunonymus atropurpea - burning bush Eunonymus obovata - running eunonymus Eupatorium fistulosum - joe-pye-weed Eupatorium maculatum - spotted joe-pye-weed Eupatorium occidentale - western joe-pye-weed Eupatorium perfoliatum - common joe-pye-weed Eupatorium purpureum - sweet scented joe-pye-weed Euphorbia corollata - flowering spurge Euphorbia marginata - snow-on-the-mountain Eurybia macrophyllus - large leaf wood-aster Eurybia sibirica - Siberian wood-aster Euthamia graminifolia - flat-top goldenrod Filipendula rubra - queen-of-the-prairie Fragaria virginiana - wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetal - western alpine strawberry Fraxinus americana - white ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica - green ash Fritillaria pudica - yellow mission bells Gaillardia aristata - great blanket-flower Galium boreale - northern bedstraw Galium triflorum - fragrant bedstraw Gaultheria procumbens - eastern teaberry Gaura coccinea - scarlet gaura Gaylussacia baccata - black huckleberry Gentiana andrewsii - closed bottle gentian Gentiana calycosa - Rainier pleated gentian Gentiana clausa - bottle gentian Gentiana crinita - greater fringed gentian Gentiana saponaria - soapwort gentian Gentianopsis crinita - greater fringed-gentian Geranium carolinianum - Carolina cranesbill Geranium erianthum - northern cranesbill Geranium maculatum - spotted cranesbill Geranium viscosissimum - sticky purple cranesbill Geum rivale - water avens Geum triflorum - prairie smoke Glycyrrhiza lepidota - American licorice Gymnocladus dioicus - Kentucky coffee tree Grayia spinosa - spiny hop-sage Gutierrezia sarothrae - broom snakeweed Hamamelis virginiana - American witch hazel Hedysarum alpinum - alpine sweet-broom Helenium autumnale - fall sneezeweed Helianthus annuus - common sunflower Helianthus giganteus - giant sunflower Helianthus maximilliani - Maximillion sunflower Helianthus paucilflorus ssp paucilflorus - stiff sunflower Helianthus petiolaris - prairie sunflower Helianthus strumosus - woodland sunflower Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichoke Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora - showy false goldeneye Heliopsis helinathoides - ox-eye sunflower Hepatica nobilis var. acuta - sharp-lobed hepatica Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa - round-lobed hepatica Heterotheca villosa var. villosa - golden-aster Heuchera americana - American alumroot Heuchera parvifolia - little-leaf alumroot Holodiscus discolor - mountain spray Houstonia caserulea - Quaker ladies Hydrastis canadensis - goldenseal Hydrophyllum virginianum - Virginia waterleaf Hymenoxys hoopesii - owl's-claws Hypericum prolificum - shrubby St. John's-wort Hypoxis hirsuta - eastern yellow star-grass Ilex verticillata - common winterberry Illiamna rivularis - streambank wild hollyhock Ipomoea leptophylla - bush morning-glory Ipopmopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata - scarlet gilia Jeffersonia diphylla - twinleaf Juglans nigra - black walnut Kalmia angustifolia - sheep laurel Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Kalmia polifolia - bog laurel Koeleria macrantha - prairie koeler's grass Krascheninnikovia lanata - winterfat Ledum groenlandicum - rusty Labrador tea Leersia orysoides - rice cut grass Lepidium montanum - mountain pepperwort Lewisia reviviva - oregon bitter-root Liatris aspera - tall gayfeather Liatris punctata - dotted gayfeather Liatris pycnostachya - prairie blazingstar Liatris spicata - dense gayfeather Lillium canadense - Canadian lily Lillium columbianum - wild tiger lily Lillium michiganense - Michigan lily Lillium phildephicum - wood lily Lindera benzoi n- northern spicebush Linnaea borealis - American twinflower Linum lewisii var. lewissi - blue flax Linum rigidum - large-flower yellow flax Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip-tree Lithospermum canascens - hoary puccoon Lithospermum caroliniense - hairy puccoon Lithospermum incisum - friged gromwell Lobelia cardinalis - Cardinal flower Lobelia siphilitica - great blue lobelia Lobelia spicata - pale-spike lobelia Loiseleuria procumbens - alpine azalea Lonicera ciliosa - orange honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata - bearberry honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens - coral honeysuckle Luetkea pectinata - Alaska spirea Lupinus caudatus - Kellogg's spurred lupine Lupinus nootkaensis - Nootka lupine Lupinus perennis - wild lupine Lupinus polyphyllus - meadow lupine Lysimachia ciliata - fringed yellow-loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia - prairie loosestrife Lysichiton americanus - yellow skunk-cabbage Macaerathera tanacetifolia - tansy aster Mahonia aquifolium - holly-leaf oregon grape Mahonia repens - creeping Oregon grape Maianthemum canadense - Canadian mayflower Maianthemum dilatatum - two-leaf false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum - false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum - starry false Solomon's-seal Malus ioensis - prairie crabapple Mentzelia laevicaulis - giant blazingstart Menyanthes trifoliata - buck-bean Mertensia ciliata - mountain bluebells Mertensia virginica - Virginia bluebells Mimulus guttatus - golden monkey-flower Mimulus lewisii - great purple monkey-flower Mimulus primuloides - primrose monkey flower Minuartia arctica - arctic stitchwort Minuartia obtusiloba - alpine stitchwort Mitchella repens - partridge berry Mitella diphylla - two-leaf bishop's-cap Monarda fistulosa - Oswego tea Monarda punctata ssp. punctata var. villicaulis - horsemint Morella pensylvanica - northern bayberry Myosotis asiatica - Asian forget-me-not Myrica gale - sweetgale Napaea dioica - glade mallow Nuphar lutea - cow-lily Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala - pond-lily Nymphea odorata - American white water-lily Nyssa slyvatica - black gum Oenothera albicaulis - pale evening primrose Oenothera biennis - common evening primrose Oenothera caespitosa - tufted evening primrose Oenothera flava - long-tube evening primrose Oenothera nuttallii - Nuttall's evening primrose Oenothera rhombipetala - diamond-petal evening primrose Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum - stiff goldenrod Opuntia humifusa - prickly pear Opuntia polycantha - plains prickly-pear Ostrya viginiana - eastern hop-hornbeam Oxytropis campestris - northern yellow locoweed Packera aurea - golden ragwort Packera cana - gray ragwort Packera obovata - round leaf groundsel Packera paupercula - northern ragwort Packera plattensis - prairie ragwort Panicum virgatum - wand panic grass Parthenium integrifolium - wild feverfew Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia creeper Pedicularis groenlandica - bull elephant's-head Pedicularis verticillata - whorled lousewort Penstemon albidus - red-line penstemon Penstemon angustifolius - whorled penstemon Penstemon deustus - hot-rock penstemon Pentsemon digitalis - foxglove beardtongue Penstemon fruticosa - shrubby penstemon Penstemon gracilis - slender penstemon Penstemon grandiflorus - large-leaved penstemon Penstemon hirsutus - hairy beardtongue Penstemon pallidus - pale beardtongue Petrophtyon caespitosum - Rocky Mountain rockmat Phacelia serica - purplefringe Philadelphus lewisii - California mock orange Phlox andicola - plains phlox Phlox diffusa - spreading phlox Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii - sweet william Phlox glaberrima ssp. interior - marsh phlox Phlox longifolia - long-leaved phlox Phlox pilosa - downy phlox Phlox speciosa ssp. occidentalis - showy phlox Phragmites australis - common reed Phyllodoce empetriformis - pink mountain-heath Physocarpus opulifolius - Atlantic ninebark Physotegia virginiana - obediant plant Platanus occidentalis - American sycamore Podophyllum peltatum - may apple Polemonium occidentale - western Jacob's ladder Polemonium pulcherrimum - alpine Jacob's ladder Polemonium reptans - Greek valerian Polemonium viscosum - sticky Jacob's ladder Populus balsamifera - balsam poplar Populus deltoides - eastern cottonwood Populus tremuloides- quaking aspen Porteranthus trifoliatus - bowman's root Potentilla arguta - prairie cinquefoil Potentilla glandulosa - sticky cinquefoil Potentilla nivea - snowy cinquefoil Potentilla simplex - common cinquefoil Potentilla occidentalis - western pasqueflower Potentilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Prenanthes alba - white rattlesnake-root Prunus nigra - Canadian plum Prunus serotina - black cherry Prunus virginiana - choke cherry Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium - blunt-leaf rabbit tobacco Ptelea trifoiata - common hoptree Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Pyrola asarifolia - pink wintergreen Pyrola elliptica - shinleaf Quercus alba - northern white oak Quercis coccinea - scarlet oak Quercus macrocarpa - burr oak Quercus michauxii - swamp chestnut oak Quercus muehlenbergii - Chinkapin oak Quercis palustris - pin oak Quercus rubra - northern red oak Ranunculus abortivus - early wood buttercup Ranunculus alismifolius - meadow buttercup Ranunculus cardiophyllus - heart-leaf buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis - tufted buttercup Ranunculus occidentalis - western buttercup Ratibida columnifera - red-spike Mexican hat Ratibida pinnat a- grey-head Mexican hat Rhexia virginica - meadow beauty Rhodiola integrifolia ssp integrifolia - rosewort Rhododendron canadense - rhodora Rhododendron maximum - great laurel Rhododendron periclymenoides - pink azalea Rhododendron prinophyllum - early azalea Rhododendron viscosum - swamp azalea Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac Rhus copallinum - winged sumac Rhus glabra - smooth sumac Rhus typhina - staghorn sumac Ribes aureum - golden currant Ribes aureum var. villosum - buffalo currant Ribes laxiflorum - trailing black currant Rosa acicularis - wild rose Rosa arkansana var. suffulta - praire rose Rosa carolina - Carolina rose Rosa nutkana - Nootka rose Rosa palustris - swamp rose Rosa setigera var. tomentosa - Illinois rose Rosa woodsii - Wood's rose Rubus odoratus - thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus - western thimble-berry Rubus spectabillis - salmon rasberry Rudbeckia hirta - black-eyed susan Rudbeckia laciniata - cut-leaf coneflower Rudbeckia triloba - brown-eyed susan Ruellia humilis - fringe-leaf wild petunia Sabatia angularis - rose-pink Sagittaria latifolia - arrowhead Salix discolor - pussy willow Sambucus nigra ssp. caerula - black elder Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis - common elder Sambucus racemosa var. racemose - scarlet elder Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens var. arborescens - coastal red elderberry Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot Sassafras albidum - sassafras Saururus cernuus - lizard's tail Saxifraga bronchialis - yellow-spot saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia - purple mountain saxifrage Schizachyrium scoparium - little false bluestem Sedum ternatum - woodland stonecrop Senecio pseudoarnica - seabeach senecio Shepherdia argentea - silver buffalo-berry Shepherdia canadensis - russet buffalo-berry Silene acaulis - moss campion Silene douglasii - seabluff catchfly Silene stellata - starry campion Silphium integrifolium - entire-leaf rosinweed Silphium laciniatum - compass plant Silphium perfoliatum - cup plant Sisyrinchium albidum - white blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium - narrow leaf blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium campestre - prairie blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum - strict blue-eyed grass Solidago caesia - wreath goldenrod Solidago canadensis - Canadian goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis - zigzag goldenrod Solidago juncea - plume goldenrod Solidago missouriensis - Missouri goldenrod Solidago multiradiata - Rocky Mountain goldenrod Solidago nemoralis - gray goldenrod Solidago odora - anise scented goldenrod Solidago rugosa - rough leaved goldenrod Solidago sempervirens - seaside goldenrod Solidago speciosa - showy goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia - elm-leaf goldenrod Sorbus americana - American mountain ash Sorbus scopulina - Cascade mountain ash Sorghastrum nutans - yellow Indian grass Spartina pectinata - prairie cord grass Sphaeralcea coccinea - scarlet globe-mallow Spirea alba - white meadowsweet Spirea alba var. latifolia - meadowsweet Spirea douglass - western spirea Spirea splendens var. splendens - subalpine spirea Spirea stevenii - Alaska spirea Spirea tomentosa - steeplebush Sporobolus heterolepis - prairie dropseed Stanleya pinnata - golden prince's-plume Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus - rosy twistedstalk Stylophorum diphyllum - celandine poppy Symphoricarpos orbiculatus - coral berry Symphyotrichum ascendens - Pacific aster Symphyotrichum drummondii var. drummondii - arrow aster Symphyotrichum divaricatum - white wood aster Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides - heath aster Symphyotrichum foliaceum var. foliceum - leafy aster Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve - smooth aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - New England American aster Symphyotrichum oblongifolium - aromatic American aster Symphyotrichum oolentagiense - sky-blue American aster Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum - frost aster Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum - swamp aster Symphyotricum sericeum - western silver American aster Symplocarpus foetidus - skunk cabbage Tellima grandiflora - fragrant fringecup Tephrosia virginiana - goat's rue Tetraneuris acaulis var. acaulis - butte marigold Tetraneuris grandiflora - alpine sunflower Thalictrum dascycarpum - purple meadow rue Thalictrum dioicum - early meadow rue Thalictrum pubescens - king-of-the-meadow Thalictrum thalictroides - rue anemone Thermopsis montana - golden pea Tiarella cordifolia - heart-leaf foam flower Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata - western foamflower Tilia americana - American linden Townsendia exscapa - Easter daisy Tradescantia bracteata - long-bract spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis - prairie spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis - Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana - Virginia spiderwort Tridens flavus - tall redtop Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis - starflower Trillium cernuum - nodding trillium Trillium erectum - purple trillium Trillium grandiflorum - large flowered trillium Trillium ovatum - western wakerobin Trillium undulatum - painted wakerobin Trollius laxus - American globeflower Typha latifolia - broad-leaf cattail Ulmus americana - American elm Uvularia grandiflora - large flowered bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia - merrybells Vaccinium angustifolium - late lowbush blueberry Vaccinium caespitosum - dwarf blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum - highbush blueberry Vaccinium ulignosum - alpine blueberry Vaccinum vitis-idaea - lingonberry Valeriana sitchensis - Sitka valerian Verastrum californicum - California false hellebore Verbena hastata - blue verbena Verbena stricta - hoary verbena Veronicastrum virginicum - culver's root Viburnum acerifolium - maple-leaf arrow-wood Viburnum edule - moosewood viburnum Viburnum lantanoides - hobblebush Viburnum prunifolium - smooth blackhaw Viola affinis - sand violet Viola canadensis - Canadian white violet Viola glabella - smooth yellow violet Viola labradorica - American dog violet Viola langsdorfii - Alaska violet Viola missouriensis - Missouri violet Viola palmata - early blue violet Viola pedata - bird-foot violet Viola pedatifida - prairie violet Viola pubescens - downy yellow violet Viola rostrata - long-spur violet Wyethia amplexicaulis - northern mule-ears Xerophyllim tenax - western turkeybeard Xyris ssp. - yellow-eyed grass Yucca glauca - soapweed glauca Zizia aurea - golden alexanders