Looks like Primrose Willow (Ludwigia) sp. Not in the Willow (Salicaceae) family.

Looks like a just a regular old clump of blue phlox, which bloom this time of year. The are not a shrub, just a medium size perennial flower that can spread slowly over the years. See this picture as an example: http://www.pocketpoems.info/resources/blue%20phlox2.jpg

Woolly whitefly. Common on citrus in your area. From Univ of CA http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7401.html Here is a link that might be useful: re whiteflies, including woolly

Definately a big-ol weedzilla of some sort, not a tomato like the others have mentioned. Unwanted seeds are very talanted at getting into unattended pots. For example- we have maple trees around our deck and every spring I have to remove a miniature forest from all of my pots.