He/I is/am keeping the pony tail palm fairly well isolated from other plants. I'm going to keep an eye on things. The repotting can only help, given the soil it was in before. I haven't gone to a true Al's Gritty Mix, but the new soil is pretty chunky, so that can't hurt. The triangular thing is attached fairly tightly to the caudex. It seems to be part of it. At first, I thought it was wax. I might be able to scrape it off, but I'll wait until it is time to either repot or to deal with any reoccurrence of the original mould/mealies/whatever. I'm pretty sure I got the plant on clearance, so I'm okay taking an observational stance for now. Thanks for all of the suggestions and responses from everyone.

I agree that they are red aphids and they are sucking the good from the plants. A forceful spray with cold water helps or try insecticidal soap. Mix with water as per package instructions and spray the plant. The soap will also kill any eggs and it is completely safe. Then watch to see if you've missed any.

It doesn't matter what kind of fungus that is. what it seems like is that your lawn is infected with fungus - what you are seeing are just the fruiting bodies and these are often very difficult to remove. these thrive in wet conditions,in areas that have fallen leaves, poop or grass clippings and so if you can reduce the source of nutrients for this fungi and reduce the moisture level it would help. get rid of the fruiting bodies by digging them out before they set off spores. Third. look for lawn fungicides. Like I said, these are really difficult to remove. So good luck and continue this maintenance program. (note nitrogen applications like fertilizers will only enhance their growth)

This pot does have two fairly large holes in the bottom, as most bonsai pots do; so the pot is definitely able to drain as necessary. I do agree with you all though; the soil is inappropriate and keeping and I haven't like it since after the first week of putting the Fujian Tea in it. I just looked through the different bonsai soils I have. I do have a small amount of a tropical/sub-tropical mix leftover that is recommended for Fujian Teas. Do you think I should swap the current soil for this tropical mix now? There's not enough left in the bag to fill the pot (if I'm lucky, it might fill half the pot), so I would have to mix it with whatever potting soil my mom has leftover, which would probably end up being soil like what is currently being used. Though, I do have a bonsai mix that I bought for a couple Junipers I had. Maybe, instead of half tropical bonsai mix--half inappropriate potting soil, I could do a mix of half tropical bonsai mix--quarter conifer bonsai mix--quarter inappropriate potting soil. I kind of want to put some of that potting soil in the mixture to prevent the plant from becoming too dry. As Al mentioned, the Fujian Tea likes to stay at least a little wet; if I forget to check up or am unable to check up on it for a few days and it becomes too dry, I can basically just kiss it goodbye.